[ { "designation": "2026 SD1", "fullname": "(2026 SD1)", "orbit_id": "4", "jd": 2461307.620054954, "cd": "2026-Sep-24 02:53", "approach_date": "2026-09-24 02:53:00", "dist_au": 0.0642910407214333, "dist_km": 9617802.797013411, "dist_ld": 25.020298639472973, "dist_earth_radii": 1509.6202668421404, "dist_min_au": 0.0637900006596406, "dist_min_km": 9542848.27063383, "dist_min_ld": 24.825307675946487, "dist_max_au": 0.0647920767015263, "dist_max_km": 9692756.712779414, "dist_max_ld": 25.215288014514606, "v_rel_kms": 12.2896439833023, "v_inf_kms": 12.2862712484839, "t_sigma": "00:02", "h": 23.755, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-sd1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0642910407214333, "dist_km": 9617802.797013411, "dist_ld": 25.020298639472973, "dist_earth_radii": 1509.6202668421404, "dist_min_km": 9542848.27063383, "dist_min_ld": 24.825307675946487, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,620,000", "formatted_ld": "25" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 25.020298639472973, "text": "just over 25 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 25.020298639472973, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.176150234377535 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 63.01746997033347, "formatted_m": "63 m", "formatted_range_m": "47.2 to 105 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 5.251455830861123, "text": "about 5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.520698798813339, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8925987247922589 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.6043921649219712, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.097289641366277, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4124041605135 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-24 02:53, asteroid (2026 SD1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,620,000 km (25 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 12.3 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 63 m, which is about 5 school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 25 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RQ34", "fullname": "(2026 RQ34)", "orbit_id": "7", "jd": 2461307.722279252, "cd": "2026-Sep-24 05:20", "approach_date": "2026-09-24 05:20:00", "dist_au": 0.033327921070718, "dist_km": 4985786.027037076, "dist_ld": 12.970307042240051, "dist_earth_radii": 782.5741275222188, "dist_min_au": 0.0331967027251747, "dist_min_km": 4966156.041947022, "dist_min_ld": 12.919240483733148, "dist_max_au": 0.0334591359911651, "dist_max_km": 5005415.4997400325, "dist_max_ld": 13.02137226779405, "v_rel_kms": 6.96239131788013, "v_inf_kms": 6.95089908869627, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 25.879, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rq34", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.033327921070718, "dist_km": 4985786.027037076, "dist_ld": 12.970307042240051, "dist_earth_radii": 782.5741275222188, "dist_min_km": 4966156.041947022, "dist_min_ld": 12.919240483733148, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "4,990,000", "formatted_ld": "13" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 12.970307042240051, "text": "just under 13 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 12.970307042240051, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.09131476239994644 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 23.695231883808738, "formatted_m": "23.7 m", "formatted_range_m": "17.7 to 39.6 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.9746026569840616, "text": "about 2 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.9746026569840616, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9955979783112915 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.9089283704804347, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 7.735990353200145, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9089283704804347 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-24 05:20, asteroid (2026 RQ34) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 4,990,000 km (13 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 6.96 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 23.7 m, which is about 2 school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 13 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 ST2", "fullname": "(2026 ST2)", "orbit_id": "3", "jd": 2461308.163789987, "cd": "2026-Sep-24 15:56", "approach_date": "2026-09-24 15:56:00", "dist_au": 0.0406135159486105, "dist_km": 6075695.507552621, "dist_ld": 15.805659488950626, "dist_earth_radii": 953.647445985411, "dist_min_au": 0.0401621624419435, "dist_min_km": 6008173.984022259, "dist_min_ld": 15.630005161348228, "dist_max_au": 0.0410648624118528, "dist_max_km": 6143215.977401645, "dist_max_ld": 15.981311075446527, "v_rel_kms": 13.7330534198121, "v_inf_kms": 13.728275375027, "t_sigma": "00:01", "h": 24.651, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-st2", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0406135159486105, "dist_km": 6075695.507552621, "dist_ld": 15.805659488950626, "dist_earth_radii": 953.647445985411, "dist_min_km": 6008173.984022259, "dist_min_ld": 15.630005161348228, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "6,080,000", "formatted_ld": "15.8" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 15.805659488950626, "text": "just under 16 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 15.805659488950626, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.11127647449730076 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 41.71199512851455, "formatted_m": "41.7 m", "formatted_range_m": "31.2 to 69.8 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 3.475999594042879, "text": "about 3 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.668479805140582, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5908214607438322 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.7928268172078459, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2261654839117946, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4608407187856409 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-24 15:56, asteroid (2026 ST2) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 6,080,000 km (15.8 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 13.7 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 41.7 m, which is about 3 school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 16 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2020 GE1", "fullname": "(2020 GE1)", "orbit_id": "10", "jd": 2461308.201493858, "cd": "2026-Sep-24 16:50", "approach_date": "2026-09-24 16:50:00", "dist_au": 0.0723430518241251, "dist_km": 10822366.512828866, "dist_ld": 28.153919128066768, "dist_earth_radii": 1698.6898325710572, "dist_min_au": 0.0718975214001512, "dist_min_km": 10755716.110070301, "dist_min_ld": 27.980530983533562, "dist_max_au": 0.0727892135022793, "dist_max_km": 10889111.349868674, "dist_max_ld": 28.327552939304564, "v_rel_kms": 5.55189867635104, "v_inf_kms": 5.54526073054796, "t_sigma": "01:47", "h": 27.1, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2020-ge1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0723430518241251, "dist_km": 10822366.512828866, "dist_ld": 28.153919128066768, "dist_earth_radii": 1698.6898325710572, "dist_min_km": 10755716.110070301, "dist_min_ld": 27.980530983533562, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "10,800,000", "formatted_ld": "28.2" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 28.153919128066768, "text": "just over 28 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 28.153919128066768, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.19821184089430158 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 13.503954410579302, "formatted_m": "13.5 m", "formatted_range_m": "10.1 to 22.6 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.1253295342149419, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1253295342149419, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5673930424613152 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.7247909499152793, "text": "0.725 times the size of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 6.16877630705671, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7247909499152793 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-24 16:50, asteroid (2020 GE1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 10,800,000 km (28.2 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 5.55 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 13.5 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was just over 28 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RC49", "fullname": "(2026 RC49)", "orbit_id": "5", "jd": 2461308.399648095, "cd": "2026-Sep-24 21:35", "approach_date": "2026-09-24 21:35:00", "dist_au": 0.0284965485716478, "dist_km": 4263022.988617636, "dist_ld": 11.090070209723299, "dist_earth_radii": 669.1284940495501, "dist_min_au": 0.0283993633907238, "dist_min_km": 4248484.292487812, "dist_min_ld": 11.052248419583279, "dist_max_au": 0.0285937317867453, "dist_max_km": 4277561.390664003, "dist_max_ld": 11.127891234817906, "v_rel_kms": 7.96460619851371, "v_inf_kms": 7.95285786648816, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 26.071, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rc49", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0284965485716478, "dist_km": 4263022.988617636, "dist_ld": 11.090070209723299, "dist_earth_radii": 669.1284940495501, "dist_min_km": 4248484.292487812, "dist_min_ld": 11.052248419583279, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "4,260,000", "formatted_ld": "11.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 11.090070209723299, "text": "just over 11 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 11.090070209723299, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.07807734411387612 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 21.690070474253098, "formatted_m": "21.7 m", "formatted_range_m": "16.2 to 36.3 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.8075058728544249, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.8075058728544249, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9113474989181973 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.0397658222602755, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0397658222602755, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7111255534387242 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-24 21:35, asteroid (2026 RC49) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 4,260,000 km (11.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.96 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 21.7 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 11 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RK1", "fullname": "(2026 RK1)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461308.555660171, "cd": "2026-Sep-25 01:20", "approach_date": "2026-09-25 01:20:00", "dist_au": 0.0559602613398091, "dist_km": 8371535.94025097, "dist_ld": 21.77818923062167, "dist_earth_radii": 1314.004933010753, "dist_min_au": 0.0554712640650452, "dist_min_km": 8298382.989168188, "dist_min_ld": 21.58788498743025, "dist_max_au": 0.0564492541333555, "dist_max_km": 8444688.220953155, "dist_max_ld": 21.968491729846917, "v_rel_kms": 10.2351280664564, "v_inf_kms": 10.2304750126829, "t_sigma": "00:24", "h": 24.082, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rk1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0559602613398091, "dist_km": 8371535.94025097, "dist_ld": 21.77818923062167, "dist_earth_radii": 1314.004933010753, "dist_min_km": 8298382.989168188, "dist_min_ld": 21.58788498743025, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,370,000", "formatted_ld": "21.8" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 21.77818923062167, "text": "just under 22 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 21.77818923062167, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1533248340705306 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 54.20769778884037, "formatted_m": "54.2 m", "formatted_range_m": "40.6 to 90.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 4.517308149070031, "text": "about 5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.168307911553615, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7678144162725266 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.37236451828489, "text": "about 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3361785987540993, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9138507202193216 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-25 01:20, asteroid (2026 RK1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,370,000 km (21.8 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.2 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 54.2 m, which is about 5 school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 22 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2026 SC", "fullname": "(2026 SC)", "orbit_id": "7", "jd": 2461309.074549382, "cd": "2026-Sep-25 13:47", "approach_date": "2026-09-25 13:47:00", "dist_au": 0.00437883131729951, "dist_km": 655063.8412224827, "dist_ld": 1.7041202945433993, "dist_earth_radii": 102.81949751475477, "dist_min_au": 0.00437347169557579, "dist_min_km": 654262.0532248567, "dist_min_ld": 1.702034477692135, "dist_max_au": 0.00438419068336361, "dist_max_km": 655865.590973974, "dist_max_ld": 1.7062060118989957, "v_rel_kms": 7.75046171501866, "v_inf_kms": 7.67154970300937, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 26.42, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-sc", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.00437883131729951, "dist_km": 655063.8412224827, "dist_ld": 1.7041202945433993, "dist_earth_radii": 102.81949751475477, "dist_min_km": 654262.0532248567, "dist_min_ld": 1.702034477692135, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "655,000", "formatted_ld": "1.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 1.7041202945433993, "text": "about 1.5 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.7041202945433993, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.01199750624949602 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 18.46974770688148, "formatted_m": "18.5 m", "formatted_range_m": "13.8 to 30.9 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.5391456422401235, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.5391456422401235, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.776039819616869 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.0118096233705822, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0118096233705822, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6920055102695233 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-25 13:47, asteroid (2026 SC) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 655,000 km (1.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.75 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 18.5 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was about 1.5 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2024 SB5", "fullname": "(2024 SB5)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461309.716017945, "cd": "2026-Sep-26 05:11", "approach_date": "2026-09-26 05:11:00", "dist_au": 0.0749267541567867, "dist_km": 11208882.880317664, "dist_ld": 29.159424766695274, "dist_earth_radii": 1759.3578410696807, "dist_min_au": 0.0172612226239514, "dist_min_km": 2582242.1502217962, "dist_min_ld": 6.717591441784069, "dist_max_au": 0.156566081756357, "dist_max_km": 23421952.454593122, "dist_max_ld": 60.93119785273965, "v_rel_kms": 13.8324701443505, "v_inf_kms": 13.8298990615701, "t_sigma": "5_16:46", "h": 25.72, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2024-sb5", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0749267541567867, "dist_km": 11208882.880317664, "dist_ld": 29.159424766695274, "dist_earth_radii": 1759.3578410696807, "dist_min_km": 2582242.1502217962, "dist_min_ld": 6.717591441784069, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "11,200,000", "formatted_ld": "29.2" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "ratio": 0.20529089524391325, "text": "0.205 times the Mars closest approach", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 29.159424766695274, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.20529089524391325 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 25.495349105764443, "formatted_m": "25.5 m", "formatted_range_m": "19.1 to 42.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.1246124254803704, "text": "about 2 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0198139642305777, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.36112392501082785 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.8058055018734334, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2350419771741519, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4641768504815604 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-26 05:11, asteroid (2024 SB5) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 11,200,000 km (29.2 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 13.8 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 25.5 m, which is about 2 school buses.", "The miss distance was 0.205 times the Mars closest approach.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RN15", "fullname": "(2026 RN15)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461311.385306987, "cd": "2026-Sep-27 21:15", "approach_date": "2026-09-27 21:15:00", "dist_au": 0.0213866184505058, "dist_km": 3199392.5816690004, "dist_ld": 8.323081638056713, "dist_earth_radii": 502.1799661323609, "dist_min_au": 0.0212332857277069, "dist_min_km": 3176454.332829652, "dist_min_ld": 8.263408774270687, "dist_max_au": 0.0215399379842198, "dist_max_km": 3222328.8574493323, "dist_max_ld": 8.382749369014912, "v_rel_kms": 6.47277201752468, "v_inf_kms": 6.45349556606052, "t_sigma": "00:03", "h": 26.156, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rn15", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0213866184505058, "dist_km": 3199392.5816690004, "dist_ld": 8.323081638056713, "dist_earth_radii": 502.1799661323609, "dist_min_km": 3176454.332829652, "dist_min_ld": 8.263408774270687, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "3,200,000", "formatted_ld": "8.32" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 8.323081638056713, "text": "about 8 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 8.323081638056713, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.05859693373020147 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 20.857438087048802, "formatted_m": "20.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "15.6 to 34.9 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.7381198405874, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.7381198405874, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8763629448339832 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.845009401765624, "text": "0.845 times the size of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 7.191968908360756, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.845009401765624 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-27 21:15, asteroid (2026 RN15) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 3,200,000 km (8.32 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 6.47 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 20.9 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was about 8 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 SA8", "fullname": "(2026 SA8)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461311.781406648, "cd": "2026-Sep-28 06:45", "approach_date": "2026-09-28 06:45:00", "dist_au": 0.00253925938809526, "dist_km": 379867.7976140358, "dist_ld": 0.9882096712123719, "dist_earth_radii": 59.624442099905664, "dist_min_au": 0.00250538178713651, "dist_min_km": 374799.78064618254, "dist_min_ld": 0.9750254439286746, "dist_max_au": 0.00257309430106221, "dist_max_km": 384929.42854921136, "dist_max_ld": 1.001377285507834, "v_rel_kms": 6.61131689150686, "v_inf_kms": 6.45064988171152, "t_sigma": "00:22", "h": 28.634, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": true, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-sa8", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.00253925938809526, "dist_km": 379867.7976140358, "dist_ld": 0.9882096712123719, "dist_earth_radii": 59.624442099905664, "dist_min_km": 374799.78064618254, "dist_min_ld": 0.9750254439286746, "is_inside_moon": true, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "380,000", "formatted_ld": "0.988" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 0.9882096712123719, "text": "about the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-circumference", "label": "Earth circumference", "plural": "Earth circumferences", "value": 40075, "unit": "km", "rank": 5, "svgId": "orbit-earth-circ", "citation": "WGS 84 ellipsoid equatorial circumference." }, "smaller_ratio": 9.478921961672759, "larger_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9882096712123719 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 6.662864221057736, "formatted_m": "6.66 m", "formatted_range_m": "4.99 to 11.1 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 0.5552386850881447, "text": "0.555 times the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "giraffe", "label": "giraffe", "plural": "giraffes", "value": 5.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 12, "svgId": "silhouette-giraffe", "citation": "Giraffa camelopardalis average adult height, Smithsonian National Zoo." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2114298583741336, "larger_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5552386850881447 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.8630961999356214, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 7.345907657229844, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8630961999356214 }, "size_class": { "id": "under-10m", "minMeters": 0, "maxMeters": 10, "label": "Under 10 meters", "hazardLevel": "Harmless atmospheric burn", "consequence": "Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments.", "citation": "NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office Assessment of Near-Earth Object Hazard Thresholds." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-28 06:45, asteroid (2026 SA8) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 380,000 km (0.988 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 6.61 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 6.66 m, which is 0.555 times the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was about the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: Under 10 meters. Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments." ] }, { "designation": "2026 SL7", "fullname": "(2026 SL7)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461312.246410509, "cd": "2026-Sep-28 17:55", "approach_date": "2026-09-28 17:55:00", "dist_au": 0.0452046638656068, "dist_km": 6762521.460004007, "dist_ld": 17.59240754423519, "dist_earth_radii": 1061.4523573042143, "dist_min_au": 0.0447390176809956, "dist_min_km": 6692861.782286593, "dist_min_ld": 17.41119090084962, "dist_max_au": 0.0456703086313944, "dist_max_km": 6832180.925468433, "dist_max_ld": 17.77362363545378, "v_rel_kms": 26.9027939073817, "v_inf_kms": 26.9006028718863, "t_sigma": "00:26", "h": 24.419, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-sl7", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0452046638656068, "dist_km": 6762521.460004007, "dist_ld": 17.59240754423519, "dist_earth_radii": 1061.4523573042143, "dist_min_km": 6692861.782286593, "dist_min_ld": 17.41119090084962, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "6,760,000", "formatted_ld": "17.6" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 17.59240754423519, "text": "about 18 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 17.59240754423519, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1238557043956778 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 46.415278763088125, "formatted_m": "46.4 m", "formatted_range_m": "34.7 to 77.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 3.8679398969240104, "text": "just under 4 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.856611150523525, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.657440209108897 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 3.512114087125548, "text": "about 4 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.4020351703019376, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9027783190396543 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-28 17:55, asteroid (2026 SL7) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 6,760,000 km (17.6 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 26.9 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 46.4 m, which is just under 4 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 18 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 SX2", "fullname": "(2026 SX2)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461312.252254617, "cd": "2026-Sep-28 18:03", "approach_date": "2026-09-28 18:03:00", "dist_au": 0.0105342094505028, "dist_km": 1575895.3033030357, "dist_ld": 4.099623577791456, "dist_earth_radii": 247.3541554653574, "dist_min_au": 0.0104822316354414, "dist_min_km": 1568119.5328462122, "dist_min_ld": 4.079395246738325, "dist_max_au": 0.010586184058547, "dist_max_km": 1583670.5939969153, "dist_max_ld": 4.1198506607620065, "v_rel_kms": 7.69122795779703, "v_inf_kms": 7.65827106967663, "t_sigma": "00:29", "h": 27.24, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-sx2", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0105342094505028, "dist_km": 1575895.3033030357, "dist_ld": 4.099623577791456, "dist_earth_radii": 247.3541554653574, "dist_min_km": 1568119.5328462122, "dist_min_ld": 4.079395246738325, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "1,580,000", "formatted_ld": "4.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 4.099623577791456, "text": "just over 4 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 4.099623577791456, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.02886255134254644 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 12.660794598618333, "formatted_m": "12.7 m", "formatted_range_m": "9.47 to 21.2 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.0550662165515277, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0550662165515277, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5319661596058123 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.0040767568925626, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0040767568925626, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6867167819461634 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-28 18:03, asteroid (2026 SX2) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 1,580,000 km (4.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.69 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 12.7 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was just over 4 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 FC6", "fullname": "(2026 FC6)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461312.607306926, "cd": "2026-Sep-29 02:35", "approach_date": "2026-09-29 02:35:00", "dist_au": 0.0721398098657977, "dist_km": 10791961.948626187, "dist_ld": 28.07482296728977, "dist_earth_radii": 1693.917500751245, "dist_min_au": 0.0676003814049457, "dist_min_km": 10112873.11668775, "dist_min_ld": 26.308202696898416, "dist_max_au": 0.0992424588177295, "dist_max_km": 14846460.522164771, "dist_max_ld": 38.622425916141445, "v_rel_kms": 26.0601687945365, "v_inf_kms": 26.0587514613724, "t_sigma": "1_18:03", "h": 22.22, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-fc6", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0721398098657977, "dist_km": 10791961.948626187, "dist_ld": 28.07482296728977, "dist_earth_radii": 1693.917500751245, "dist_min_km": 10112873.11668775, "dist_min_ld": 26.308202696898416, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "10,800,000", "formatted_ld": "28.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 28.07482296728977, "text": "just over 28 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 28.07482296728977, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.19765498074406934 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 127.77943488679638, "formatted_m": "128 m", "formatted_range_m": "95.6 to 214 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 10.648286240566366, "text": "about 11 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "football-pitch", "label": "football pitch", "plural": "football pitches", "value": 105, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-pitch", "citation": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines standard international pitch length (105 m)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2169469989218702, "larger_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9259379339622926 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 3.4021108086862273, "text": "about 3 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.3268007852264736, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8745023085414934 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-29 02:35, asteroid (2026 FC6) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 10,800,000 km (28.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 26.1 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 128 m, which is about 11 school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 28 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "138971", "fullname": "138971 (2001 CB21)", "orbit_id": "377", "jd": 2461312.804162384, "cd": "2026-Sep-29 07:18", "approach_date": "2026-09-29 07:18:00", "dist_au": 0.0541231097588424, "dist_km": 8096701.975585213, "dist_ld": 21.063220540023966, "dist_earth_radii": 1270.8667098809503, "dist_min_au": 0.0541229846876316, "dist_min_km": 8096683.265198392, "dist_min_ld": 21.063171865760644, "dist_max_au": 0.0541232348301301, "dist_max_km": 8096720.685983539, "dist_max_ld": 21.063269214317216, "v_rel_kms": 10.228326989398, "v_inf_kms": 10.2235127550236, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 18.54, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "138971-2001-cb21", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0541231097588424, "dist_km": 8096701.975585213, "dist_ld": 21.063220540023966, "dist_earth_radii": 1270.8667098809503, "dist_min_km": 8096683.265198392, "dist_min_ld": 21.063171865760644, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,100,000", "formatted_ld": "21.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 21.063220540023966, "text": "just over 21 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 21.063220540023966, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.14829124497408816 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 695.7624127456608, "formatted_m": "696 m", "formatted_range_m": "521 to 1,160 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "ratio": 2.1083709477141235, "text": "about 2 Eiffel Towers", "smaller_item": { "id": "empire-state-building", "label": "Empire State Building", "plural": "Empire State Buildings", "value": 443, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-empire-state", "citation": "Empire State Realty Trust official tip height (1,454 feet / 443 m)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.5705697804642456, "larger_item": { "id": "burj-khalifa", "label": "Burj Khalifa", "plural": "Burj Khalifas", "value": 828, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-burj-khalifa", "citation": "Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat official architectural height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8402927690164985 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.364807765997776, "text": "about 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.335290729686423, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.91324348119625 }, "size_class": { "id": "140-to-1000m", "minMeters": 140, "maxMeters": 1000, "label": "140 to 1,000 meters", "hazardLevel": "Continental-scale disaster", "consequence": "Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking.", "citation": "US George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (Public Law 109-155)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-29 07:18, asteroid 138971 (2001 CB21) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,100,000 km (21.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.2 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 696 m, which is about 2 Eiffel Towers.", "The miss distance was just over 21 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 140 to 1,000 meters. Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RE51", "fullname": "(2026 RE51)", "orbit_id": "4", "jd": 2461313.182399464, "cd": "2026-Sep-29 16:23", "approach_date": "2026-09-29 16:23:00", "dist_au": 0.051577089953623, "dist_km": 7715822.833964362, "dist_ld": 20.07237990105193, "dist_earth_radii": 1211.0835261805294, "dist_min_au": 0.050930964834697, "dist_min_km": 7619163.891967248, "dist_min_ld": 19.820925837583893, "dist_max_au": 0.0522232082816989, "dist_max_km": 7812480.76006476, "dist_max_ld": 20.323831321708532, "v_rel_kms": 15.5407913457676, "v_inf_kms": 15.5374668265533, "t_sigma": "00:02", "h": 24.368, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-re51", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.051577089953623, "dist_km": 7715822.833964362, "dist_ld": 20.07237990105193, "dist_earth_radii": 1211.0835261805294, "dist_min_km": 7619163.891967248, "dist_min_ld": 19.820925837583893, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,720,000", "formatted_ld": "20.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 20.07237990105193, "text": "just over 20 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 20.07237990105193, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1413154365194938 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 47.518307444327824, "formatted_m": "47.5 m", "formatted_range_m": "35.6 to 79.5 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 3.959858953693985, "text": "just under 4 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.900732297773113, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6730638448205075 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 2.028823935478799, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3875706558721073, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5215030652942148 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-29 16:23, asteroid (2026 RE51) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,720,000 km (20.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 15.5 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 47.5 m, which is just under 4 school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 20 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 SB12", "fullname": "(2026 SB12)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461313.877376333, "cd": "2026-Sep-30 09:03", "approach_date": "2026-09-30 09:03:00", "dist_au": 0.0259423325334667, "dist_km": 3880917.7079979545, "dist_ld": 10.096039823095616, "dist_earth_radii": 609.1528543046807, "dist_min_au": 0.0256835796938308, "dist_min_km": 3842208.834150845, "dist_min_ld": 9.995340359393458, "dist_max_au": 0.0262036892230241, "dist_max_km": 3920016.1122489427, "dist_max_ld": 10.197752633321912, "v_rel_kms": 10.3139107472209, "v_inf_kms": 10.3039477553539, "t_sigma": "01:30", "h": 25.294, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-sb12", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0259423325334667, "dist_km": 3880917.7079979545, "dist_ld": 10.096039823095616, "dist_earth_radii": 609.1528543046807, "dist_min_km": 3842208.834150845, "dist_min_ld": 9.995340359393458, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "3,880,000", "formatted_ld": "10.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 10.096039823095616, "text": "just over 10 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 10.096039823095616, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.07107907890106144 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 31.02136924356165, "formatted_m": "31 m", "formatted_range_m": "23.2 to 51.9 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.5851141036301377, "text": "about 2.5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2408547697424661, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.43939616492296957 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.459900830245445, "text": "about 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3464635440236161, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9208848881447232 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-30 09:03, asteroid (2026 SB12) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 3,880,000 km (10.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.3 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 31 m, which is about 2.5 school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 10 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RS", "fullname": "(2026 RS)", "orbit_id": "7", "jd": 2461313.929186039, "cd": "2026-Sep-30 10:18", "approach_date": "2026-09-30 10:18:00", "dist_au": 0.028606286017173, "dist_km": 4279439.476804264, "dist_ld": 11.132776994808179, "dist_earth_radii": 671.7052430014629, "dist_min_au": 0.028378344976221, "dist_min_km": 4245339.9824327035, "dist_min_ld": 11.044068632759375, "dist_max_au": 0.0288342086358896, "dist_max_km": 4313536.215248636, "dist_max_ld": 11.221478187431416, "v_rel_kms": 6.01586602116408, "v_inf_kms": 6.00036313085862, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 25.757, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rs", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.028606286017173, "dist_km": 4279439.476804264, "dist_ld": 11.132776994808179, "dist_earth_radii": 671.7052430014629, "dist_min_km": 4245339.9824327035, "dist_min_ld": 11.044068632759375, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "4,280,000", "formatted_ld": "11.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 11.132776994808179, "text": "just over 11 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 11.132776994808179, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.07837801239568248 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 25.064610671306387, "formatted_m": "25.1 m", "formatted_range_m": "18.8 to 41.9 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.088717555942199, "text": "about 2 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0025844268522555, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.355022814041167 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.7853610993686788, "text": "0.785 times the size of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 6.6842955790712, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7853610993686788 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-30 10:18, asteroid (2026 RS) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 4,280,000 km (11.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 6.02 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 25.1 m, which is about 2 school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 11 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 SG12", "fullname": "(2026 SG12)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461314.114845993, "cd": "2026-Sep-30 14:45", "approach_date": "2026-09-30 14:45:00", "dist_au": 0.0376567732225038, "dist_km": 5633373.091519345, "dist_ld": 14.65497682497228, "dist_earth_radii": 884.2200624327178, "dist_min_au": 0.0371009267822472, "dist_min_km": 5550219.647620783, "dist_min_ld": 14.438656731583723, "dist_max_au": 0.0382129451221131, "dist_max_km": 5716575.223444072, "dist_max_ld": 14.871423578158355, "v_rel_kms": 11.6599209909943, "v_inf_kms": 11.6538510187608, "t_sigma": "01:50", "h": 24.001, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-sg12", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0376567732225038, "dist_km": 5633373.091519345, "dist_ld": 14.65497682497228, "dist_earth_radii": 884.2200624327178, "dist_min_km": 5550219.647620783, "dist_min_ld": 14.438656731583723, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "5,630,000", "formatted_ld": "14.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 14.65497682497228, "text": "about 15 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 14.65497682497228, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.10317533134650814 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 56.26793318720999, "formatted_m": "56.3 m", "formatted_range_m": "42.1 to 94.2 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 4.688994432267499, "text": "about 5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.2507173274884, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7969962207820113 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.5221828969966449, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0410643741959196, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.3912725164763188 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-30 14:45, asteroid (2026 SG12) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 5,630,000 km (14.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 11.7 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 56.3 m, which is about 5 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 15 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2026 SM12", "fullname": "(2026 SM12)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461314.171270952, "cd": "2026-Sep-30 16:07", "approach_date": "2026-09-30 16:07:00", "dist_au": 0.0599785357016417, "dist_km": 8972661.228669528, "dist_ld": 23.341990709338003, "dist_earth_radii": 1408.3581795328978, "dist_min_au": 0.0585520750010355, "dist_min_km": 8759265.745221611, "dist_min_ld": 22.786851574457884, "dist_max_au": 0.0614564930262875, "dist_max_km": 9193760.497422008, "dist_max_ld": 23.917170909006263, "v_rel_kms": 7.53848777644317, "v_inf_kms": 7.53259252803428, "t_sigma": "04:04", "h": 24.283, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-sm12", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0599785357016417, "dist_km": 8972661.228669528, "dist_ld": 23.341990709338003, "dist_earth_radii": 1408.3581795328978, "dist_min_km": 8759265.745221611, "dist_min_ld": 22.786851574457884, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,970,000", "formatted_ld": "23.3" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 23.341990709338003, "text": "about 23 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 23.341990709338003, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.16433445473753713 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 49.41524615742155, "formatted_m": "49.4 m", "formatted_range_m": "37 to 82.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 4.117937179785129, "text": "just over 4 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.976609846296862, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6999326651192854 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.9841367854364451, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 8.3760975293813, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9841367854364451 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-30 16:07, asteroid (2026 SM12) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,970,000 km (23.3 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.54 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 49.4 m, which is just over 4 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 23 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RX38", "fullname": "(2026 RX38)", "orbit_id": "3", "jd": 2461314.288928171, "cd": "2026-Sep-30 18:56", "approach_date": "2026-09-30 18:56:00", "dist_au": 0.0255043540980698, "dist_km": 3815397.0666500605, "dist_ld": 9.925590704084444, "dist_earth_radii": 598.8686667243333, "dist_min_au": 0.02516277291482, "dist_min_km": 3764297.248964704, "dist_min_ld": 9.792656735079875, "dist_max_au": 0.0258459263273462, "dist_max_km": 3866495.5448400625, "dist_max_ld": 10.058521188449694, "v_rel_kms": 14.315286682257, "v_inf_kms": 14.307986919913, "t_sigma": "00:05", "h": 25.169, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rx38", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0255043540980698, "dist_km": 3815397.0666500605, "dist_ld": 9.925590704084444, "dist_earth_radii": 598.8686667243333, "dist_min_km": 3764297.248964704, "dist_min_ld": 9.792656735079875, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "3,820,000", "formatted_ld": "9.93" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 9.925590704084444, "text": "just under 10 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 9.925590704084444, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.06987906715476301 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 32.859500931342815, "formatted_m": "32.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "24.6 to 55 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.738291744278568, "text": "about 2.5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3143800372537127, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.46543202452326937 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.8688363814956919, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2781505966300895, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.48037874772674494 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-30 18:56, asteroid (2026 RX38) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 3,820,000 km (9.93 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 14.3 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 32.9 m, which is about 2.5 school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 10 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2018 SP2", "fullname": "(2018 SP2)", "orbit_id": "3", "jd": 2461314.37097502, "cd": "2026-Sep-30 20:54", "approach_date": "2026-09-30 20:54:00", "dist_au": 0.0128818507397774, "dist_km": 1927097.4413459187, "dist_ld": 5.013260773532567, "dist_earth_radii": 302.47920601354116, "dist_min_au": 0.00290485008977967, "dist_min_km": 434559.3881337424, "dist_min_ld": 1.1304874821377273, "dist_max_au": 0.0400441994007473, "dist_max_km": 5990526.964238011, "dist_max_ld": 15.584097201451643, "v_rel_kms": 14.2601518512425, "v_inf_kms": 14.2456397271186, "t_sigma": "13:24", "h": 24.8, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2018-sp2", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0128818507397774, "dist_km": 1927097.4413459187, "dist_ld": 5.013260773532567, "dist_earth_radii": 302.47920601354116, "dist_min_km": 434559.3881337424, "dist_min_ld": 1.1304874821377273, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "1,930,000", "formatted_ld": "5.01" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 5.013260773532567, "text": "just over 5 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 5.013260773532567, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.03529482493307543 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 38.94582993689618, "formatted_m": "38.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "29.1 to 65.2 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 3.2454858280746817, "text": "about 3 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.5578331974758473, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5516406506642519 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.8616386228776107, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2732278438609375, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4785285856121644 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Sep-30 20:54, asteroid (2018 SP2) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 1,930,000 km (5.01 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 14.3 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 38.9 m, which is about 3 school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 5 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2023 WV23", "fullname": "(2023 WV23)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461314.656046094, "cd": "2026-Oct-01 03:45", "approach_date": "2026-10-01 03:45:00", "dist_au": 0.073351360805401, "dist_km": 10973207.389435425, "dist_ld": 28.546325154618692, "dist_earth_radii": 1722.3659724545041, "dist_min_au": 0.063051879414592, "dist_min_km": 9432426.904056126, "dist_min_ld": 24.53805125925111, "dist_max_au": 0.0839173543671557, "dist_max_km": 12553857.528103838, "dist_max_ld": 32.658318231279495, "v_rel_kms": 8.65771071038272, "v_inf_kms": 8.65351402528434, "t_sigma": "03:29", "h": 23.68, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2023-wv23", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.073351360805401, "dist_km": 10973207.389435425, "dist_ld": 28.546325154618692, "dist_earth_radii": 1722.3659724545041, "dist_min_km": 9432426.904056126, "dist_min_ld": 24.53805125925111, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "11,000,000", "formatted_ld": "28.5" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "ratio": 0.20097449431200412, "text": "0.201 times the Mars closest approach", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 28.546325154618692, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.20097449431200412 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 65.23204040374144, "formatted_m": "65.2 m", "formatted_range_m": "48.8 to 109 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 5.436003366978453, "text": "about 5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.6092816161496573, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9239665779566777 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 9.61967856709191, "text": "about 10 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.130249439997744, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7730098848556 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-01 03:45, asteroid (2023 WV23) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 11,000,000 km (28.5 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 8.66 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 65.2 m, which is about 5 school buses.", "The miss distance was 0.201 times the Mars closest approach.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2013 HO11", "fullname": "(2013 HO11)", "orbit_id": "24", "jd": 2461315.575946848, "cd": "2026-Oct-02 01:49", "approach_date": "2026-10-02 01:49:00", "dist_au": 0.0648770541804454, "dist_km": 9705469.162683165, "dist_ld": 25.248358903962448, "dist_earth_radii": 1523.3804701992472, "dist_min_au": 0.06487466936448, "dist_min_km": 9705112.39929273, "dist_min_ld": 25.247430799408768, "dist_max_au": 0.0648794391683118, "dist_max_km": 9705825.951789625, "dist_max_ld": 25.249287075415257, "v_rel_kms": 7.57839174329912, "v_inf_kms": 7.57297049187596, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 23.06, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2013-ho11", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0648770541804454, "dist_km": 9705469.162683165, "dist_ld": 25.248358903962448, "dist_earth_radii": 1523.3804701992472, "dist_min_km": 9705112.39929273, "dist_min_ld": 25.247430799408768, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,710,000", "formatted_ld": "25.2" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 25.248358903962448, "text": "just over 25 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 25.248358903962448, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.17775584547038764 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 86.78825634888307, "formatted_m": "86.8 m", "formatted_range_m": "64.9 to 145 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "label": "Statue of Liberty", "plural": "Statues of Liberty", "value": 93, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-statue-liberty", "citation": "US National Park Service Statue of Liberty ground-to-torch tip height (305 feet / 93 m)." }, "ratio": 0.9332070575148717, "text": "about the size of a Statue of Liberty", "smaller_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2292954157065592, "larger_item": { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "label": "Statue of Liberty", "plural": "Statues of Liberty", "value": 93, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-statue-liberty", "citation": "US National Park Service Statue of Liberty ground-to-torch tip height (305 feet / 93 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9332070575148717 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.9893461805873525, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 8.420435270332355, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9893461805873525 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-02 01:49, asteroid (2013 HO11) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,710,000 km (25.2 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.58 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 86.8 m, which is about the size of a Statue of Liberty.", "The miss distance was just over 25 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2019 AS2", "fullname": "(2019 AS2)", "orbit_id": "6", "jd": 2461316.310982029, "cd": "2026-Oct-02 19:28", "approach_date": "2026-10-02 19:28:00", "dist_au": 0.011500686744185, "dist_km": 1720478.2485177915, "dist_ld": 4.475749866071258, "dist_earth_radii": 270.04804397008945, "dist_min_au": 0.0114996959840091, "dist_min_km": 1720330.0329051025, "dist_min_ld": 4.475364289555418, "dist_max_au": 0.0115016775102445, "dist_max_km": 1720626.4650106544, "dist_max_ld": 4.4761354448768325, "v_rel_kms": 7.34432881888951, "v_inf_kms": 7.31271534789998, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 24.3, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2019-as2", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.011500686744185, "dist_km": 1720478.2485177915, "dist_ld": 4.475749866071258, "dist_earth_radii": 270.04804397008945, "dist_min_km": 1720330.0329051025, "dist_min_ld": 4.475364289555418, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "1,720,000", "formatted_ld": "4.48" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 4.475749866071258, "text": "about 4 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 4.475749866071258, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.03151059063219398 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 49.029894990972586, "formatted_m": "49 m", "formatted_range_m": "36.7 to 82 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 4.085824582581049, "text": "just over 4 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.9611957996389036, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.694474433299895 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.958789663040406, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 8.160365354321678, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.958789663040406 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-02 19:28, asteroid (2019 AS2) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 1,720,000 km (4.48 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.34 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 49 m, which is just over 4 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 4 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2023 TC2", "fullname": "(2023 TC2)", "orbit_id": "6", "jd": 2461316.800422845, "cd": "2026-Oct-03 07:13", "approach_date": "2026-10-03 07:13:00", "dist_au": 0.0768671716063296, "dist_km": 11499165.199038405, "dist_ld": 29.914581683242467, "dist_earth_radii": 1804.9208538175444, "dist_min_au": 0.0568502175177041, "dist_min_km": 8504671.489480373, "dist_min_ld": 22.12453561259202, "dist_max_au": 0.112206829272645, "dist_max_km": 16785902.73718612, "dist_max_ld": 43.66780108529167, "v_rel_kms": 9.69632230536449, "v_inf_kms": 9.69274674187385, "t_sigma": "5_21:09", "h": 24.59, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2023-tc2", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0768671716063296, "dist_km": 11499165.199038405, "dist_ld": 29.914581683242467, "dist_earth_radii": 1804.9208538175444, "dist_min_km": 8504671.489480373, "dist_min_ld": 22.12453561259202, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "11,500,000", "formatted_ld": "29.9" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "ratio": 0.21060742122780962, "text": "0.211 times the Mars closest approach", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 29.914581683242467, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.21060742122780962 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 42.90036261820597, "formatted_m": "42.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "32.1 to 71.8 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 3.5750302181838305, "text": "about 4 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.7160145047282387, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6076538614476766 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 10.773691450404987, "text": "just under 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2658384210658602, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8657430629789723 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-03 07:13, asteroid (2023 TC2) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 11,500,000 km (29.9 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 9.7 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 42.9 m, which is about 4 school buses.", "The miss distance was 0.211 times the Mars closest approach.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RP39", "fullname": "(2026 RP39)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461317.002176622, "cd": "2026-Oct-03 12:03", "approach_date": "2026-10-03 12:03:00", "dist_au": 0.0156299005909237, "dist_km": 2338199.847654857, "dist_ld": 6.082725930423666, "dist_earth_radii": 367.00626457459435, "dist_min_au": 0.0154537373763218, "dist_min_km": 2311846.2058547456, "dist_min_ld": 6.01416806934117, "dist_max_au": 0.0158060260690863, "dist_max_km": 2364547.8441640013, "dist_max_ld": 6.151269105525498, "v_rel_kms": 6.13866637275621, "v_inf_kms": 6.11083287403775, "t_sigma": "00:10", "h": 26.165, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rp39", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0156299005909237, "dist_km": 2338199.847654857, "dist_ld": 6.082725930423666, "dist_earth_radii": 367.00626457459435, "dist_min_km": 2311846.2058547456, "dist_min_ld": 6.01416806934117, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "2,340,000", "formatted_ld": "6.08" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 6.082725930423666, "text": "just over 6 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 6.082725930423666, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.04282417303397174 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 20.771170139073195, "formatted_m": "20.8 m", "formatted_range_m": "15.5 to 34.8 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.7309308449227663, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.7309308449227663, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8727382411375292 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.8013924768611239, "text": "0.801 times the size of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 6.820740414173566, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8013924768611239 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-03 12:03, asteroid (2026 RP39) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 2,340,000 km (6.08 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 6.14 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 20.8 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 6 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2024 SH7", "fullname": "(2024 SH7)", "orbit_id": "3", "jd": 2461317.529663367, "cd": "2026-Oct-04 00:43", "approach_date": "2026-10-04 00:43:00", "dist_au": 0.0269493809051848, "dist_km": 4031570.0000988846, "dist_ld": 10.487955255200012, "dist_earth_radii": 632.7993937692253, "dist_min_au": 0.0203798662864072, "dist_min_km": 3048784.601597233, "dist_min_ld": 7.931281481782604, "dist_max_au": 0.0580744722630269, "dist_max_km": 8687817.392575035, "dist_max_ld": 22.600981770486563, "v_rel_kms": 10.7641481740243, "v_inf_kms": 10.7549591516689, "t_sigma": "3_19:55", "h": 27.31, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2024-sh7", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0269493809051848, "dist_km": 4031570.0000988846, "dist_ld": 10.487955255200012, "dist_earth_radii": 632.7993937692253, "dist_min_km": 3048784.601597233, "dist_min_ld": 7.931281481782604, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "4,030,000", "formatted_ld": "10.5" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 10.487955255200012, "text": "about 10 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 10.487955255200012, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.07383827839008947 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 12.259167052514156, "formatted_m": "12.3 m", "formatted_range_m": "9.17 to 20.5 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.0215972543761798, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0215972543761798, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5150910526266452 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.960164637804777, "text": "just under 12 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.4052412759822845, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9610846583950268 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-04 00:43, asteroid (2024 SH7) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 4,030,000 km (10.5 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.8 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 12.3 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was about 10 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2021 RF2", "fullname": "(2021 RF2)", "orbit_id": "11", "jd": 2461318.345968664, "cd": "2026-Oct-04 20:18", "approach_date": "2026-10-04 20:18:00", "dist_au": 0.0661195274175003, "dist_km": 9891340.513348313, "dist_ld": 25.731895196015383, "dist_earth_radii": 1552.555029494283, "dist_min_au": 0.0581370376022118, "dist_min_km": 8697177.034096718, "dist_min_ld": 22.625330473716748, "dist_max_au": 0.0741126562465928, "dist_max_km": 11087095.566411337, "dist_max_ld": 28.842600328853635, "v_rel_kms": 7.73654096199598, "v_inf_kms": 7.73133043009476, "t_sigma": "00:15", "h": 25.75, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2021-rf2", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0661195274175003, "dist_km": 9891340.513348313, "dist_ld": 25.731895196015383, "dist_earth_radii": 1552.555029494283, "dist_min_km": 8697177.034096718, "dist_min_ld": 22.625330473716748, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,890,000", "formatted_ld": "25.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 25.731895196015383, "text": "about 26 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 25.731895196015383, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.18116008266205702 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 25.145539802021485, "formatted_m": "25.1 m", "formatted_range_m": "18.8 to 42.1 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.095461650168457, "text": "about 2 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0058215920808593, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.35616911900880294 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.0099922926887703, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0099922926887703, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6907625858924983 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-04 20:18, asteroid (2021 RF2) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,890,000 km (25.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.74 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 25.1 m, which is about 2 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 26 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2024 TD16", "fullname": "(2024 TD16)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461320.81736326, "cd": "2026-Oct-07 07:37", "approach_date": "2026-10-07 07:37:00", "dist_au": 0.036343382541984, "dist_km": 5436892.642316359, "dist_ld": 14.143841421218417, "dist_earth_radii": 853.3802880668741, "dist_min_au": 0.0205518290278643, "dist_min_km": 3074509.8615589496, "dist_min_ld": 7.998204634648672, "dist_max_au": 0.0761413012164502, "dist_max_km": 11390576.53430827, "dist_max_ld": 29.632092961259808, "v_rel_kms": 11.8035852652762, "v_inf_kms": 11.7973724651785, "t_sigma": "3_13:05", "h": 26.61, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2024-td16", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.036343382541984, "dist_km": 5436892.642316359, "dist_ld": 14.143841421218417, "dist_earth_radii": 853.3802880668741, "dist_min_km": 3074509.8615589496, "dist_min_ld": 7.998204634648672, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "5,440,000", "formatted_ld": "14.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 14.143841421218417, "text": "just over 14 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 14.143841421218417, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.09957678832081243 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 16.922361296428654, "formatted_m": "16.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "12.7 to 28.3 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.4101967747023878, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.4101967747023878, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7110235838835569 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.5409380241874933, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0538915415425179, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.3960934652777248 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-07 07:37, asteroid (2024 TD16) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 5,440,000 km (14.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 11.8 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 16.9 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 14 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2015 TS238", "fullname": "(2015 TS238)", "orbit_id": "7", "jd": 2461322.216741865, "cd": "2026-Oct-08 17:12", "approach_date": "2026-10-08 17:12:00", "dist_au": 0.0121252406802646, "dist_km": 1813910.1874926037, "dist_ld": 4.718809020532268, "dist_earth_radii": 284.71321767177244, "dist_min_au": 0.00463346631678352, "dist_min_km": 693156.6949509862, "dist_min_ld": 1.8032172085093292, "dist_max_au": 0.184007555843832, "dist_max_km": 27527138.546948604, "dist_max_ld": 71.6106621928944, "v_rel_kms": 15.8100956775517, "v_inf_kms": 15.7961904366447, "t_sigma": "7_06:25", "h": 25.4, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2015-ts238", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0121252406802646, "dist_km": 1813910.1874926037, "dist_ld": 4.718809020532268, "dist_earth_radii": 284.71321767177244, "dist_min_km": 693156.6949509862, "dist_min_ld": 1.8032172085093292, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "1,810,000", "formatted_ld": "4.72" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 4.718809020532268, "text": "about 5 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 4.718809020532268, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.033221798305725345 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 29.543433231029685, "formatted_m": "29.5 m", "formatted_range_m": "22.1 to 49.4 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.461952769252474, "text": "about 2.5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1817373292411875, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4184622270684092 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 2.063981158949308, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.4116156854956876, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5305401234077751 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-08 17:12, asteroid (2015 TS238) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 1,810,000 km (4.72 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 15.8 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 29.5 m, which is about 2.5 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 5 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RR51", "fullname": "(2026 RR51)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461323.005707535, "cd": "2026-Oct-09 12:08", "approach_date": "2026-10-09 12:08:00", "dist_au": 0.0686944178938878, "dist_km": 10276538.645901592, "dist_ld": 26.733971503386037, "dist_earth_radii": 1613.016126475056, "dist_min_au": 0.0678869840136108, "dist_min_km": 10155748.256681114, "dist_min_ld": 26.419740522063254, "dist_max_au": 0.0695018361060717, "dist_max_km": 10397326.691208705, "dist_max_ld": 27.04819638711942, "v_rel_kms": 7.40564809313225, "v_inf_kms": 7.40040869387719, "t_sigma": "00:56", "h": 24.665, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rr51", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0686944178938878, "dist_km": 10276538.645901592, "dist_ld": 26.733971503386037, "dist_earth_radii": 1613.016126475056, "dist_min_km": 10155748.256681114, "dist_min_ld": 26.419740522063254, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "10,300,000", "formatted_ld": "26.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 26.733971503386037, "text": "about 27 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 26.733971503386037, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.18821499351468118 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 41.44393301629964, "formatted_m": "41.4 m", "formatted_range_m": "31 to 69.3 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 3.4536610846916367, "text": "about 3 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.6577573206519856, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5870245469730827 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.9667947902261422, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 8.228497881258056, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9667947902261422 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-09 12:08, asteroid (2026 RR51) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 10,300,000 km (26.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.41 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 41.4 m, which is about 3 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 27 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2019 SD8", "fullname": "(2019 SD8)", "orbit_id": "9", "jd": 2461323.67908988, "cd": "2026-Oct-10 04:18", "approach_date": "2026-10-10 04:18:00", "dist_au": 0.0478794963287199, "dist_km": 7162670.700964964, "dist_ld": 18.633378514477013, "dist_earth_radii": 1124.2601957123527, "dist_min_au": 0.0453358601878672, "dist_min_km": 6782148.150457835, "dist_min_ld": 17.64346553188823, "dist_max_au": 0.0504231801625361, "dist_max_km": 7543200.38623788, "dist_max_ld": 19.623310057850887, "v_rel_kms": 9.52372228426725, "v_inf_kms": 9.5178772191636, "t_sigma": "13:49", "h": 27.4, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2019-sd8", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0478794963287199, "dist_km": 7162670.700964964, "dist_ld": 18.633378514477013, "dist_earth_radii": 1124.2601957123527, "dist_min_km": 6782148.150457835, "dist_min_ld": 17.64346553188823, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,160,000", "formatted_ld": "18.6" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 18.633378514477013, "text": "about 19 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 18.633378514477013, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1311844450726184 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 11.761452612041408, "formatted_m": "11.8 m", "formatted_range_m": "8.8 to 19.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 0.9801210510034507, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "giraffe", "label": "giraffe", "plural": "giraffes", "value": 5.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 12, "svgId": "silhouette-giraffe", "citation": "Giraffa camelopardalis average adult height, Smithsonian National Zoo." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.1384459294620743, "larger_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9801210510034507 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 10.581913649185834, "text": "about 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2433057812359336, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.850332346809576 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-10 04:18, asteroid (2019 SD8) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,160,000 km (18.6 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 9.52 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 11.8 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was about 19 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2023 JE5", "fullname": "(2023 JE5)", "orbit_id": "10", "jd": 2461324.373271853, "cd": "2026-Oct-10 20:58", "approach_date": "2026-10-10 20:58:00", "dist_au": 0.075961278283851, "dist_km": 11363645.48691426, "dist_ld": 29.562033004459575, "dist_earth_radii": 1783.6495397453998, "dist_min_au": 0.0342423073507497, "dist_min_km": 5122576.267527113, "dist_min_ld": 13.326160945700085, "dist_max_au": 0.117675431622909, "dist_max_km": 17603994.00449063, "dist_max_ld": 45.79603018858124, "v_rel_kms": 11.4733684922786, "v_inf_kms": 11.470310847544, "t_sigma": "2_23:31", "h": 25.07, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2023-je5", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.075961278283851, "dist_km": 11363645.48691426, "dist_ld": 29.562033004459575, "dist_earth_radii": 1783.6495397453998, "dist_min_km": 5122576.267527113, "dist_min_ld": 13.326160945700085, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "11,400,000", "formatted_ld": "29.6" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "ratio": 0.2081253752182099, "text": "0.208 times the Mars closest approach", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 29.562033004459575, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.2081253752182099 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 34.392279622392536, "formatted_m": "34.4 m", "formatted_range_m": "25.7 to 57.5 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.866023301866045, "text": "about 3 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3756911848957014, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4871427708554184 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.4978287848927676, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0244079010963036, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.38501236551270474 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-10 20:58, asteroid (2023 JE5) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 11,400,000 km (29.6 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 11.5 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 34.4 m, which is about 3 school buses.", "The miss distance was 0.208 times the Mars closest approach.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2023 FF5", "fullname": "(2023 FF5)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461324.414265235, "cd": "2026-Oct-10 21:57", "approach_date": "2026-10-10 21:57:00", "dist_au": 0.0730920283098107, "dist_km": 10934411.800291799, "dist_ld": 28.445400104817374, "dist_earth_radii": 1716.2765766879902, "dist_min_au": 0.0713610493795588, "dist_min_km": 10675461.038099552, "dist_min_ld": 27.771750879551384, "dist_max_au": 0.103039921759821, "dist_max_km": 15414552.892363818, "dist_max_ld": 40.10029368460931, "v_rel_kms": 12.4693174700182, "v_inf_kms": 12.4663936503669, "t_sigma": "1_05:53", "h": 25.57, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2023-ff5", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0730920283098107, "dist_km": 10934411.800291799, "dist_ld": 28.445400104817374, "dist_earth_radii": 1716.2765766879902, "dist_min_km": 10675461.038099552, "dist_min_ld": 27.771750879551384, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "10,900,000", "formatted_ld": "28.4" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "ratio": 0.20026395238629668, "text": "0.2 times the Mars closest approach", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 28.445400104817374, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.20026395238629668 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 27.31875876059896, "formatted_m": "27.3 m", "formatted_range_m": "20.4 to 45.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.2765632300499132, "text": "about 2.5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0927503504239584, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.3869512572322799 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.6278482336838382, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1133319169659108, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.41843347214826176 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-10 21:57, asteroid (2023 FF5) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 10,900,000 km (28.4 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 12.5 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 27.3 m, which is about 2.5 school buses.", "The miss distance was 0.2 times the Mars closest approach.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "678976", "fullname": "678976 (2018 EH4)", "orbit_id": "27", "jd": 2461327.742561118, "cd": "2026-Oct-14 05:49", "approach_date": "2026-10-14 05:49:00", "dist_au": 0.0563355961825092, "dist_km": 8427685.233518424, "dist_ld": 21.924259192295587, "dist_earth_radii": 1322.8181841112778, "dist_min_au": 0.0563350614242775, "dist_min_km": 8427605.234825622, "dist_min_ld": 21.924051079150942, "dist_max_au": 0.0563361309408754, "dist_max_km": 8427765.232231347, "dist_max_ld": 21.924467305492577, "v_rel_kms": 13.2223703190978, "v_inf_kms": 13.2187928251971, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 21.68, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "678976-2018-eh4", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0563355961825092, "dist_km": 8427685.233518424, "dist_ld": 21.924259192295587, "dist_earth_radii": 1322.8181841112778, "dist_min_km": 8427605.234825622, "dist_min_ld": 21.924051079150942, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,430,000", "formatted_ld": "21.9" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 21.924259192295587, "text": "just under 22 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 21.924259192295587, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.15435320940509933 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 163.85547718984265, "formatted_m": "164 m", "formatted_range_m": "123 to 274 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "label": "Statue of Liberty", "plural": "Statues of Liberty", "value": 93, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-statue-liberty", "citation": "US National Park Service Statue of Liberty ground-to-torch tip height (305 feet / 93 m)." }, "ratio": 1.7618868515036843, "text": "about one and a half Statues of Liberty", "smaller_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1873585303611787, "larger_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4965317490601292 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.7261580051041514, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1805687784908752, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4437037019831477 }, "size_class": { "id": "140-to-1000m", "minMeters": 140, "maxMeters": 1000, "label": "140 to 1,000 meters", "hazardLevel": "Continental-scale disaster", "consequence": "Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking.", "citation": "US George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (Public Law 109-155)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-14 05:49, asteroid 678976 (2018 EH4) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,430,000 km (21.9 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 13.2 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 164 m, which is about one and a half Statues of Liberty.", "The miss distance was just under 22 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 140 to 1,000 meters. Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking." ] }, { "designation": "2026 AC4", "fullname": "(2026 AC4)", "orbit_id": "29", "jd": 2461328.046634904, "cd": "2026-Oct-14 13:07", "approach_date": "2026-10-14 13:07:00", "dist_au": 0.0650423759951567, "dist_km": 9730200.954144236, "dist_ld": 25.31269759142621, "dist_earth_radii": 1527.26239774683, "dist_min_au": 0.0650405780618854, "dist_min_km": 9729931.987155188, "dist_min_ld": 25.311997885419323, "dist_max_au": 0.0650441739253962, "dist_max_km": 9730469.920679731, "dist_max_ld": 25.313397296253203, "v_rel_kms": 1.57734512349982, "v_inf_kms": 1.55115668862793, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 26.08, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-ac4", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0650423759951567, "dist_km": 9730200.954144236, "dist_ld": 25.31269759142621, "dist_earth_radii": 1527.26239774683, "dist_min_km": 9729931.987155188, "dist_min_ld": 25.311997885419323, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,730,000", "formatted_ld": "25.3" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 25.31269759142621, "text": "about 25 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 25.31269759142621, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.17820880868396036 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 21.60035869548862, "formatted_m": "21.6 m", "formatted_range_m": "16.2 to 36.1 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.8000298912907182, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.8000298912907182, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9075780964491016 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 1.7526056927775777, "text": "about one and a half rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.7526056927775777, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.20591972891642557 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-14 13:07, asteroid (2026 AC4) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,730,000 km (25.3 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 1.58 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 21.6 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was about 25 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2020 YM1", "fullname": "(2020 YM1)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461328.571772288, "cd": "2026-Oct-15 01:43", "approach_date": "2026-10-15 01:43:00", "dist_au": 0.0624588166058489, "dist_km": 9343705.970676797, "dist_ld": 24.307247582405818, "dist_earth_radii": 1466.597745706299, "dist_min_au": 0.0529754797785275, "dist_min_km": 7925018.974178621, "dist_min_ld": 20.61659462585489, "dist_max_au": 0.0736025015828729, "dist_max_km": 11010777.514991164, "dist_max_ld": 28.644062213816763, "v_rel_kms": 4.11037693763384, "v_inf_kms": 4.09998524517199, "t_sigma": "1_02:25", "h": 29.7, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2020-ym1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0624588166058489, "dist_km": 9343705.970676797, "dist_ld": 24.307247582405818, "dist_earth_radii": 1466.597745706299, "dist_min_km": 7925018.974178621, "dist_min_ld": 20.61659462585489, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,340,000", "formatted_ld": "24.3" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 24.307247582405818, "text": "about 24 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 24.307247582405818, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1711301459830915 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 4.078129035445939, "formatted_m": "4.08 m", "formatted_range_m": "3.05 to 6.82 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "family-car", "label": "family car", "plural": "family cars", "value": 4.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 6, "svgId": "silhouette-car", "citation": "ISO standard passenger vehicle average overall bumper-to-bumper length." }, "ratio": 0.9062508967657643, "text": "about the size of a family car", "smaller_item": { "id": "adult-human", "label": "adult human", "plural": "adult humans", "value": 1.7, "unit": "m", "rank": 10, "svgId": "silhouette-human", "citation": "World Health Organization global average adult human height." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.3988994326152584, "larger_item": { "id": "family-car", "label": "family car", "plural": "family cars", "value": 4.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 6, "svgId": "silhouette-car", "citation": "ISO standard passenger vehicle average overall bumper-to-bumper length." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9062508967657643 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 4.567085486259822, "text": "about 5 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 4.567085486259822, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.536602733372564 }, "size_class": { "id": "under-10m", "minMeters": 0, "maxMeters": 10, "label": "Under 10 meters", "hazardLevel": "Harmless atmospheric burn", "consequence": "Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments.", "citation": "NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office Assessment of Near-Earth Object Hazard Thresholds." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-15 01:43, asteroid (2020 YM1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,340,000 km (24.3 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 4.11 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 4.08 m, which is about the size of a family car.", "The miss distance was about 24 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: Under 10 meters. Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments." ] }, { "designation": "2022 UP6", "fullname": "(2022 UP6)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461329.374468854, "cd": "2026-Oct-15 20:59", "approach_date": "2026-10-15 20:59:00", "dist_au": 0.00671765608540164, "dist_km": 1004947.0464709827, "dist_ld": 2.614326343576958, "dist_earth_radii": 157.7375270084393, "dist_min_au": 0.00112550491849309, "dist_min_km": 168373.1392689433, "dist_min_ld": 0.43801545075167353, "dist_max_au": 0.118518910901341, "dist_max_km": 17730176.70852363, "dist_max_ld": 46.12428904402609, "v_rel_kms": 9.02412770941962, "v_inf_kms": 8.98006706102954, "t_sigma": "9_15:50", "h": 28.18, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2022-up6", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.00671765608540164, "dist_km": 1004947.0464709827, "dist_ld": 2.614326343576958, "dist_earth_radii": 157.7375270084393, "dist_min_km": 168373.1392689433, "dist_min_ld": 0.43801545075167353, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "1,000,000", "formatted_ld": "2.61" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 2.614326343576958, "text": "about 2.5 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.614326343576958, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.01840562356173961 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 8.212227332745387, "formatted_m": "8.21 m", "formatted_range_m": "6.15 to 13.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 0.6843522777287823, "text": "0.684 times the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "giraffe", "label": "giraffe", "plural": "giraffes", "value": 5.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 12, "svgId": "silhouette-giraffe", "citation": "Giraffa camelopardalis average adult height, Smithsonian National Zoo." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.4931322423173432, "larger_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6843522777287823 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 10.0268085660218, "text": "just over 10 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1780845573654857, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8057256883410375 }, "size_class": { "id": "under-10m", "minMeters": 0, "maxMeters": 10, "label": "Under 10 meters", "hazardLevel": "Harmless atmospheric burn", "consequence": "Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments.", "citation": "NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office Assessment of Near-Earth Object Hazard Thresholds." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-15 20:59, asteroid (2022 UP6) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 1,000,000 km (2.61 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 9.02 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 8.21 m, which is 0.684 times the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was about 2.5 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: Under 10 meters. Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments." ] }, { "designation": "2000 SZ162", "fullname": "(2000 SZ162)", "orbit_id": "12", "jd": 2461329.640770141, "cd": "2026-Oct-16 03:23", "approach_date": "2026-10-16 03:23:00", "dist_au": 0.0509500404197293, "dist_km": 7622017.558870438, "dist_ld": 19.828349528799265, "dist_earth_radii": 1196.3597532557544, "dist_min_au": 0.00668576326810121, "dist_min_km": 1000175.9489122141, "dist_min_ld": 2.6019145393137726, "dist_max_au": 0.0950007504130764, "dist_max_km": 14211909.976698374, "dist_max_ld": 36.97167007465758, "v_rel_kms": 5.69047753989519, "v_inf_kms": 5.68128003077767, "t_sigma": "23:54", "h": 27.3, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2000-sz162", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0509500404197293, "dist_km": 7622017.558870438, "dist_ld": 19.828349528799265, "dist_earth_radii": 1196.3597532557544, "dist_min_km": 1000175.9489122141, "dist_min_ld": 2.6019145393137726, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,620,000", "formatted_ld": "19.8" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 19.828349528799265, "text": "just under 20 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 19.828349528799265, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.13959739118810324 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 12.315752796616366, "formatted_m": "12.3 m", "formatted_range_m": "9.22 to 20.6 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.0263127330513637, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0263127330513637, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5174686048998473 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.7428821853649074, "text": "0.743 times the size of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 6.322752822105767, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7428821853649074 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-16 03:23, asteroid (2000 SZ162) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,620,000 km (19.8 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 5.69 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 12.3 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was just under 20 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "679786", "fullname": "679786 (2020 QG3)", "orbit_id": "65", "jd": 2461329.648460039, "cd": "2026-Oct-16 03:34", "approach_date": "2026-10-16 03:34:00", "dist_au": 0.0551087173176135, "dist_km": 8244146.767723194, "dist_ld": 21.446791799488018, "dist_earth_radii": 1294.0097968364182, "dist_min_au": 0.0551085655872938, "dist_min_km": 8244124.069190447, "dist_min_ld": 21.446732750235295, "dist_max_au": 0.0551088690479583, "dist_max_km": 8244169.466259697, "dist_max_ld": 21.446850848750515, "v_rel_kms": 10.1435819856198, "v_inf_kms": 10.1388143529757, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 21.22, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "679786-2020-qg3", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0551087173176135, "dist_km": 8244146.767723194, "dist_ld": 21.446791799488018, "dist_earth_radii": 1294.0097968364182, "dist_min_km": 8244124.069190447, "dist_min_ld": 21.446732750235295, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,240,000", "formatted_ld": "21.4" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 21.446791799488018, "text": "about 21 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 21.446791799488018, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.15099169904254936 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 202.51675648861175, "formatted_m": "203 m", "formatted_range_m": "152 to 339 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "football-pitch", "label": "football pitch", "plural": "football pitches", "value": 105, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-pitch", "citation": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines standard international pitch length (105 m)." }, "ratio": 1.9287310141772547, "text": "about 2 football pitches", "smaller_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.467512728178346, "larger_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6136871408745811 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.270646650688667, "text": "about 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3242274132662923, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9056769630017679 }, "size_class": { "id": "140-to-1000m", "minMeters": 140, "maxMeters": 1000, "label": "140 to 1,000 meters", "hazardLevel": "Continental-scale disaster", "consequence": "Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking.", "citation": "US George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (Public Law 109-155)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-16 03:34, asteroid 679786 (2020 QG3) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,240,000 km (21.4 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.1 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 203 m, which is about 2 football pitches.", "The miss distance was about 21 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 140 to 1,000 meters. Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking." ] }, { "designation": "2020 FN3", "fullname": "(2020 FN3)", "orbit_id": "11", "jd": 2461333.920938949, "cd": "2026-Oct-20 10:06", "approach_date": "2026-10-20 10:06:00", "dist_au": 0.031638866360086, "dist_km": 4733107.038830725, "dist_ld": 12.312973566156932, "dist_earth_radii": 742.9133723942467, "dist_min_au": 0.0316375753976174, "dist_min_km": 4732913.913594268, "dist_min_ld": 12.312471159194246, "dist_max_au": 0.0316401573229304, "dist_max_km": 4733300.1641234, "dist_max_ld": 12.31347597326587, "v_rel_kms": 5.83233412357253, "v_inf_kms": 5.8178768083644, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 24.49, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2020-fn3", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.031638866360086, "dist_km": 4733107.038830725, "dist_ld": 12.312973566156932, "dist_earth_radii": 742.9133723942467, "dist_min_km": 4732913.913594268, "dist_min_ld": 12.312471159194246, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "4,730,000", "formatted_ld": "12.3" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 12.312973566156932, "text": "about 12 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 12.312973566156932, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.08668694210312683 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 44.92219441925915, "formatted_m": "44.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "33.6 to 75.2 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 3.7435162016049293, "text": "about 4 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.796887776770366, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6362917056552287 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.7614013216152128, "text": "0.761 times the size of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 6.480371248413922, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7614013216152128 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-20 10:06, asteroid (2020 FN3) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 4,730,000 km (12.3 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 5.83 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 44.9 m, which is about 4 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 12 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2026 RH79", "fullname": "(2026 RH79)", "orbit_id": "4", "jd": 2461334.839664249, "cd": "2026-Oct-21 08:09", "approach_date": "2026-10-21 08:09:00", "dist_au": 0.0561235620844396, "dist_km": 8395965.383931417, "dist_ld": 21.841741373390782, "dist_earth_radii": 1317.8394037382182, "dist_min_au": 0.055449694060216, "dist_min_km": 8295156.162374751, "dist_min_ld": 21.579490536875003, "dist_max_au": 0.0567974702275573, "dist_max_km": 8496780.607189216, "dist_max_ld": 22.10400782307288, "v_rel_kms": 17.6839034750513, "v_inf_kms": 17.6812186130803, "t_sigma": "01:56", "h": 22.42, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-rh79", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0561235620844396, "dist_km": 8395965.383931417, "dist_ld": 21.841741373390782, "dist_earth_radii": 1317.8394037382182, "dist_min_km": 8295156.162374751, "dist_min_ld": 21.579490536875003, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,400,000", "formatted_ld": "21.8" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 21.841741373390782, "text": "just under 22 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 21.841741373390782, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1537722597789637 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 116.53622966353096, "formatted_m": "117 m", "formatted_range_m": "87.2 to 195 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 9.711352471960913, "text": "about 10 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "football-pitch", "label": "football pitch", "plural": "football pitches", "value": 105, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-pitch", "citation": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines standard international pitch length (105 m)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.10986885393839, "larger_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8444654323444273 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 2.3086035868213184, "text": "about 2.5 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.5789199531295803, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.593419579699708 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-21 08:09, asteroid (2026 RH79) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,400,000 km (21.8 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 17.7 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 117 m, which is about 10 school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 22 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2017 UX7", "fullname": "(2017 UX7)", "orbit_id": "3", "jd": 2461336.213946669, "cd": "2026-Oct-22 17:08", "approach_date": "2026-10-22 17:08:00", "dist_au": 0.0434540555716538, "dist_km": 6500634.186798879, "dist_ld": 16.911119112380018, "dist_earth_radii": 1020.3462602462404, "dist_min_au": 0.043359194233186, "dist_min_km": 6486443.132552344, "dist_min_ld": 16.874201697586745, "dist_max_au": 0.191187673932602, "dist_max_km": 28601268.924403153, "dist_max_ld": 74.40496598439947, "v_rel_kms": 10.3295642947391, "v_inf_kms": 10.3236265041112, "t_sigma": "6_19:40", "h": 25.6, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2017-ux7", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0434540555716538, "dist_km": 6500634.186798879, "dist_ld": 16.911119112380018, "dist_earth_radii": 1020.3462602462404, "dist_min_km": 6486443.132552344, "dist_min_ld": 16.874201697586745, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "6,500,000", "formatted_ld": "16.9" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 16.911119112380018, "text": "just under 17 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 16.911119112380018, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.11905923419045567 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 26.943931338486657, "formatted_m": "26.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "20.2 to 45.1 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.2453276115405547, "text": "about 2.5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0777572535394662, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.3816420869474031 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.477293660821223, "text": "about 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3485070880860444, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9222825263159912 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-22 17:08, asteroid (2017 UX7) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 6,500,000 km (16.9 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.3 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 26.9 m, which is about 2.5 school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 17 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2023 ML3", "fullname": "(2023 ML3)", "orbit_id": "3", "jd": 2461336.318763698, "cd": "2026-Oct-22 19:39", "approach_date": "2026-10-22 19:39:00", "dist_au": 0.0799527136870364, "dist_km": 11960755.72426739, "dist_ld": 31.115389501215894, "dist_earth_radii": 1877.3725797028335, "dist_min_au": 0.0796933112504944, "dist_min_km": 11921949.672106316, "dist_min_ld": 31.014437232326525, "dist_max_au": 0.0980818073970255, "dist_max_km": 14672829.541002523, "dist_max_ld": 38.17073241675995, "v_rel_kms": 14.6318571969474, "v_inf_kms": 14.6295794079045, "t_sigma": "4_21:25", "h": 28.38, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2023-ml3", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0799527136870364, "dist_km": 11960755.72426739, "dist_ld": 31.115389501215894, "dist_earth_radii": 1877.3725797028335, "dist_min_km": 11921949.672106316, "dist_min_ld": 31.014437232326525, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "12,000,000", "formatted_ld": "31.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "ratio": 0.2190614601514174, "text": "0.219 times the Mars closest approach", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 31.115389501215894, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.2190614601514174 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 7.489640342718665, "formatted_m": "7.49 m", "formatted_range_m": "5.6 to 12.5 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 0.6241366952265553, "text": "0.624 times the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "giraffe", "label": "giraffe", "plural": "giraffes", "value": 5.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 12, "svgId": "silhouette-giraffe", "citation": "Giraffa camelopardalis average adult height, Smithsonian National Zoo." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3617527895852117, "larger_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6241366952265553 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.9101641249278591, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.306415821156018, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.491001919360651 }, "size_class": { "id": "under-10m", "minMeters": 0, "maxMeters": 10, "label": "Under 10 meters", "hazardLevel": "Harmless atmospheric burn", "consequence": "Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments.", "citation": "NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office Assessment of Near-Earth Object Hazard Thresholds." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-22 19:39, asteroid (2023 ML3) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 12,000,000 km (31.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 14.6 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 7.49 m, which is 0.624 times the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was 0.219 times the Mars closest approach.", "Hazard classification: Under 10 meters. Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments." ] }, { "designation": "2025 UU", "fullname": "(2025 UU)", "orbit_id": "7", "jd": 2461337.554377891, "cd": "2026-Oct-24 01:18", "approach_date": "2026-10-24 01:18:00", "dist_au": 0.0546358196745265, "dist_km": 8173402.287258331, "dist_ld": 21.262753088601276, "dist_earth_radii": 1282.9056700695292, "dist_min_au": 0.0497846499432918, "dist_min_km": 7447677.6250613285, "dist_min_ld": 19.374811719722498, "dist_max_au": 0.0595002054550041, "dist_max_km": 8901104.042281138, "dist_max_ld": 23.155837779087246, "v_rel_kms": 13.8453823830773, "v_inf_kms": 13.8418596057461, "t_sigma": "03:25", "h": 25.74, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2025-uu", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0546358196745265, "dist_km": 8173402.287258331, "dist_ld": 21.262753088601276, "dist_earth_radii": 1282.9056700695292, "dist_min_km": 7447677.6250613285, "dist_min_ld": 19.374811719722498, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,170,000", "formatted_ld": "21.3" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 21.262753088601276, "text": "about 21 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 21.262753088601276, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1496960125871489 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 25.26160634018469, "formatted_m": "25.3 m", "formatted_range_m": "18.9 to 42.3 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.1051338616820576, "text": "about 2 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0104642536073876, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.3578131209657889 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.807491172725496, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2361948556319018, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.46461014708313086 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-24 01:18, asteroid (2025 UU) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,170,000 km (21.3 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 13.8 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 25.3 m, which is about 2 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 21 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2022 UP20", "fullname": "(2022 UP20)", "orbit_id": "9", "jd": 2461338.112519878, "cd": "2026-Oct-24 14:42", "approach_date": "2026-10-24 14:42:00", "dist_au": 0.0614468761774734, "dist_km": 9192321.837316575, "dist_ld": 23.91342829686934, "dist_earth_radii": 1442.8363356813513, "dist_min_au": 0.0614459958479421, "dist_min_km": 9192190.141893178, "dist_min_ld": 23.913085696912535, "dist_max_au": 0.0614477565074797, "dist_max_km": 9192453.53281103, "dist_max_ld": 23.913770897011005, "v_rel_kms": 10.0534645344967, "v_inf_kms": 10.049150436673, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 25.34, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2022-up20", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0614468761774734, "dist_km": 9192321.837316575, "dist_ld": 23.91342829686934, "dist_earth_radii": 1442.8363356813513, "dist_min_km": 9192190.141893178, "dist_min_ld": 23.913085696912535, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,190,000", "formatted_ld": "23.9" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 23.91342829686934, "text": "just under 24 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 23.91342829686934, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.16835754280799586 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 30.37113086410981, "formatted_m": "30.4 m", "formatted_range_m": "22.7 to 50.8 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.530927572009151, "text": "about 2.5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2148452345643923, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.43018598957662624 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.170516149440777, "text": "just over 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3124627329630156, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8976307620086339 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-24 14:42, asteroid (2022 UP20) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,190,000 km (23.9 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.1 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 30.4 m, which is about 2.5 school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 24 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2017 UQ7", "fullname": "(2017 UQ7)", "orbit_id": "7", "jd": 2461338.842396235, "cd": "2026-Oct-25 08:13", "approach_date": "2026-10-25 08:13:00", "dist_au": 0.0682691960020182, "dist_km": 10212926.356302874, "dist_ld": 26.568486879039735, "dist_earth_radii": 1603.0314757575056, "dist_min_au": 0.0217501235658392, "dist_min_km": 3253772.1729114354, "dist_min_ld": 8.46454779633568, "dist_max_au": 0.114858703811492, "dist_max_km": 17182617.521561176, "dist_max_ld": 44.69983746503948, "v_rel_kms": 16.0460796371802, "v_inf_kms": 16.0436471444847, "t_sigma": "1_20:47", "h": 25.25, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2017-uq7", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0682691960020182, "dist_km": 10212926.356302874, "dist_ld": 26.568486879039735, "dist_earth_radii": 1603.0314757575056, "dist_min_km": 3253772.1729114354, "dist_min_ld": 8.46454779633568, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "10,200,000", "formatted_ld": "26.6" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 26.568486879039735, "text": "about 27 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 26.568486879039735, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.18704993326562042 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 31.65635905004656, "formatted_m": "31.7 m", "formatted_range_m": "23.7 to 53 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.6380299208372135, "text": "about 2.5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2662543620018625, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.44839035481652356 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 2.094788464383838, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.4326856818910894, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5384590482275234 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-25 08:13, asteroid (2017 UQ7) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 10,200,000 km (26.6 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 16 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 31.7 m, which is about 2.5 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 27 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2018 GS1", "fullname": "(2018 GS1)", "orbit_id": "15", "jd": 2461342.17684608, "cd": "2026-Oct-28 16:15", "approach_date": "2026-10-28 16:15:00", "dist_au": 0.0283485189189211, "dist_km": 4240878.067769262, "dist_ld": 11.03246115444657, "dist_earth_radii": 665.6526043868195, "dist_min_au": 0.0257219152462175, "dist_min_km": 3847943.7511600037, "dist_min_ld": 10.010259498335078, "dist_max_au": 0.0310558320018594, "dist_max_km": 4645886.340295085, "dist_max_ld": 12.086072685471084, "v_rel_kms": 9.31939189106332, "v_inf_kms": 9.3093009981924, "t_sigma": "05:41", "h": 22.59, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2018-gs1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0283485189189211, "dist_km": 4240878.067769262, "dist_ld": 11.03246115444657, "dist_earth_radii": 665.6526043868195, "dist_min_km": 3847943.7511600037, "dist_min_ld": 10.010259498335078, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "4,240,000", "formatted_ld": "11" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 11.03246115444657, "text": "just over 11 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 11.03246115444657, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.07767175948295352 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 107.76083876751245, "formatted_m": "108 m", "formatted_range_m": "80.6 to 180 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "football-pitch", "label": "football pitch", "plural": "football pitches", "value": 105, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-pitch", "citation": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines standard international pitch length (105 m)." }, "ratio": 1.0262937025477377, "text": "about the size of a football pitch", "smaller_item": { "id": "football-pitch", "label": "football pitch", "plural": "football pitches", "value": 105, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-pitch", "citation": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines standard international pitch length (105 m)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0262937025477377, "larger_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7808756432428439 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 10.354879878959245, "text": "about 10 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2166307951779791, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8320885617020822 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-28 16:15, asteroid (2018 GS1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 4,240,000 km (11 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 9.32 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 108 m, which is about the size of a football pitch.", "The miss distance was just over 11 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2026 KO", "fullname": "(2026 KO)", "orbit_id": "9", "jd": 2461342.313376271, "cd": "2026-Oct-28 19:31", "approach_date": "2026-10-28 19:31:00", "dist_au": 0.054405695903642, "dist_km": 8138976.261136555, "dist_ld": 21.173195268305296, "dist_earth_radii": 1277.5021254307883, "dist_min_au": 0.0543067965535045, "dist_min_km": 8124181.12894237, "dist_min_ld": 21.13470637081782, "dist_max_au": 0.0545064180933972, "dist_max_km": 8154044.086256174, "dist_max_ld": 21.212393564662264, "v_rel_kms": 7.73144588807843, "v_inf_kms": 7.72510886503902, "t_sigma": "00:38", "h": 23.47, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2026-ko", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.054405695903642, "dist_km": 8138976.261136555, "dist_ld": 21.173195268305296, "dist_earth_radii": 1277.5021254307883, "dist_min_km": 8124181.12894237, "dist_min_ld": 21.13470637081782, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,140,000", "formatted_ld": "21.2" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 21.173195268305296, "text": "just over 21 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 21.173195268305296, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1490654992882153 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 71.85565674631499, "formatted_m": "71.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "53.8 to 120 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 5.987971395526249, "text": "just under 6 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0177855063217423, "larger_item": { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "label": "Statue of Liberty", "plural": "Statues of Liberty", "value": 93, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-statue-liberty", "citation": "US National Park Service Statue of Liberty ground-to-torch tip height (305 feet / 93 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7726414703904838 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.0093271394358263, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0093271394358263, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6903076685784313 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-28 19:31, asteroid (2026 KO) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,140,000 km (21.2 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.73 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 71.9 m, which is just under 6 school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 21 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2022 UV21", "fullname": "(2022 UV21)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461342.829141028, "cd": "2026-Oct-29 07:54", "approach_date": "2026-10-29 07:54:00", "dist_au": 0.0377631614723659, "dist_km": 5649288.547166215, "dist_ld": 14.696380195541662, "dist_earth_radii": 886.7181687993824, "dist_min_au": 0.0377603810645559, "dist_min_km": 5648872.6040781615, "dist_min_ld": 14.695298137560254, "dist_max_au": 0.0377659419326256, "dist_max_km": 5649704.498100632, "dist_max_ld": 14.697462273935047, "v_rel_kms": 9.57427818453305, "v_inf_kms": 9.56690584704248, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 27.17, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2022-uv21", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0377631614723659, "dist_km": 5649288.547166215, "dist_ld": 14.696380195541662, "dist_earth_radii": 886.7181687993824, "dist_min_km": 5648872.6040781615, "dist_min_ld": 14.695298137560254, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "5,650,000", "formatted_ld": "14.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 14.696380195541662, "text": "about 15 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 14.696380195541662, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.10346682320817244 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 13.075580027725358, "formatted_m": "13.1 m", "formatted_range_m": "9.78 to 21.9 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.0896316689771133, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0896316689771133, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5493941188119899 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 10.638086871703388, "text": "about 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2499057682158028, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8548462664761652 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-29 07:54, asteroid (2022 UV21) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 5,650,000 km (14.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 9.57 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 13.1 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was about 15 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2022 UD21", "fullname": "(2022 UD21)", "orbit_id": "10", "jd": 2461343.343123302, "cd": "2026-Oct-29 20:14", "approach_date": "2026-10-29 20:14:00", "dist_au": 0.0527925229275568, "dist_km": 7897649.018843426, "dist_ld": 20.54539286899955, "dist_earth_radii": 1239.623152073177, "dist_min_au": 0.0527922952523319, "dist_min_km": 7897614.959114571, "dist_min_ld": 20.54530426408577, "dist_max_au": 0.052792750610212, "dist_max_km": 7897683.07968384, "dist_max_ld": 20.545481476804994, "v_rel_kms": 12.1659613889101, "v_inf_kms": 12.1618121583233, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 25.58, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2022-ud21", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0527925229275568, "dist_km": 7897649.018843426, "dist_ld": 20.54539286899955, "dist_earth_radii": 1239.623152073177, "dist_min_km": 7897614.959114571, "dist_min_ld": 20.54530426408577, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,900,000", "formatted_ld": "20.5" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 20.54539286899955, "text": "about 21 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 20.54539286899955, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.14464558642570377 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 27.193240465619706, "formatted_m": "27.2 m", "formatted_range_m": "20.3 to 45.5 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 2.2661033721349755, "text": "about 2.5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0877296186247882, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.3851733776999959 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.5882456121292559, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.086246552581259, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.40825373788288927 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-29 20:14, asteroid (2022 UD21) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,900,000 km (20.5 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 12.2 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 27.2 m, which is about 2.5 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 21 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2015 WZ12", "fullname": "(2015 WZ12)", "orbit_id": "13", "jd": 2461343.823769862, "cd": "2026-Oct-30 07:46", "approach_date": "2026-10-30 07:46:00", "dist_au": 0.0686291963530225, "dist_km": 10266781.642264372, "dist_ld": 26.70858907977204, "dist_earth_radii": 1611.4846571004732, "dist_min_au": 0.0639210529548174, "dist_min_km": 9562453.414942626, "dist_min_ld": 24.87630961223368, "dist_max_au": 0.0734424426619947, "dist_max_km": 10986833.041241247, "dist_max_ld": 28.581771699378894, "v_rel_kms": 10.3388771369708, "v_inf_kms": 10.3351212807335, "t_sigma": "05:33", "h": 26.3, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2015-wz12", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0686291963530225, "dist_km": 10266781.642264372, "dist_ld": 26.70858907977204, "dist_earth_radii": 1611.4846571004732, "dist_min_km": 9562453.414942626, "dist_min_ld": 24.87630961223368, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "10,300,000", "formatted_ld": "26.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 26.70858907977204, "text": "about 27 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 26.70858907977204, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1880362938143658 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 19.51915276739121, "formatted_m": "19.5 m", "formatted_range_m": "14.6 to 32.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.6265960639492674, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.6265960639492674, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.820132469218118 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.487641263300889, "text": "about 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.349722863834308, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9231140300866786 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-30 07:46, asteroid (2015 WZ12) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 10,300,000 km (26.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.3 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 19.5 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was about 27 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2025 UK9", "fullname": "(2025 UK9)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461344.607871972, "cd": "2026-Oct-31 02:35", "approach_date": "2026-10-31 02:35:00", "dist_au": 0.0021032915876806, "dist_km": 314647.9429782401, "dist_ld": 0.8185430358434965, "dist_earth_radii": 49.38746631274676, "dist_min_au": 0.0005765819642422, "dist_min_km": 86255.43413465665, "dist_min_ld": 0.22438978703084456, "dist_max_au": 0.00377866262208323, "dist_max_km": 565279.88235733, "dist_max_ld": 1.4705512028026273, "v_rel_kms": 7.83419285217263, "v_inf_kms": 7.67078545793123, "t_sigma": "01:00", "h": 29.83, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": true, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2025-uk9", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0021032915876806, "dist_km": 314647.9429782401, "dist_ld": 0.8185430358434965, "dist_earth_radii": 49.38746631274676, "dist_min_km": 86255.43413465665, "dist_min_ld": 0.22438978703084456, "is_inside_moon": true, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "315,000", "formatted_ld": "0.819" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 0.8185430358434965, "text": "0.819 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-circumference", "label": "Earth circumference", "plural": "Earth circumferences", "value": 40075, "unit": "km", "rank": 5, "svgId": "orbit-earth-circ", "citation": "WGS 84 ellipsoid equatorial circumference." }, "smaller_ratio": 7.851477054977918, "larger_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8185430358434965 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 3.8411473117642614, "formatted_m": "3.84 m", "formatted_range_m": "2.87 to 6.43 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "family-car", "label": "family car", "plural": "family cars", "value": 4.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 6, "svgId": "silhouette-car", "citation": "ISO standard passenger vehicle average overall bumper-to-bumper length." }, "ratio": 0.8535882915031692, "text": "about the size of a family car", "smaller_item": { "id": "adult-human", "label": "adult human", "plural": "adult humans", "value": 1.7, "unit": "m", "rank": 10, "svgId": "silhouette-human", "citation": "World Health Organization global average adult human height." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.25949841868486, "larger_item": { "id": "family-car", "label": "family car", "plural": "family cars", "value": 4.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 6, "svgId": "silhouette-car", "citation": "ISO standard passenger vehicle average overall bumper-to-bumper length." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8535882915031692 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.022740581223581, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.022740581223581, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6994815046582706 }, "size_class": { "id": "under-10m", "minMeters": 0, "maxMeters": 10, "label": "Under 10 meters", "hazardLevel": "Harmless atmospheric burn", "consequence": "Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments.", "citation": "NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office Assessment of Near-Earth Object Hazard Thresholds." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Oct-31 02:35, asteroid (2025 UK9) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 315,000 km (0.819 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.83 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 3.84 m, which is about the size of a family car.", "The miss distance was 0.819 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: Under 10 meters. Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments." ] }, { "designation": "612856", "fullname": "612856 (2004 TP1)", "orbit_id": "66", "jd": 2461345.592488308, "cd": "2026-Nov-01 02:13", "approach_date": "2026-11-01 02:13:00", "dist_au": 0.0621677680075566, "dist_km": 9300165.720102048, "dist_ld": 24.193979500785765, "dist_earth_radii": 1459.7636229780355, "dist_min_au": 0.062167512189379, "dist_min_km": 9300127.450247392, "dist_min_ld": 24.19387994341153, "dist_max_au": 0.0621680238259216, "dist_max_km": 9300203.989984738, "dist_max_ld": 24.19407905823293, "v_rel_kms": 12.6714663093117, "v_inf_kms": 12.6680834948194, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 20.75, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "612856-2004-tp1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0621677680075566, "dist_km": 9300165.720102048, "dist_ld": 24.193979500785765, "dist_earth_radii": 1459.7636229780355, "dist_min_km": 9300127.450247392, "dist_min_ld": 24.19387994341153, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,300,000", "formatted_ld": "24.2" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 24.193979500785765, "text": "just over 24 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 24.193979500785765, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1703327054963745 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 251.45539802021483, "formatted_m": "251 m", "formatted_range_m": "188 to 421 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "ratio": 0.7619860546067116, "text": "0.762 times the size of a Eiffel Tower", "smaller_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.8221405653638756, "larger_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7619860546067116 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.6542384215811619, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.131380920474259, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4252169902453591 }, "size_class": { "id": "140-to-1000m", "minMeters": 140, "maxMeters": 1000, "label": "140 to 1,000 meters", "hazardLevel": "Continental-scale disaster", "consequence": "Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking.", "citation": "US George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (Public Law 109-155)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-01 02:13, asteroid 612856 (2004 TP1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,300,000 km (24.2 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 12.7 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 251 m, which is 0.762 times the size of a Eiffel Tower.", "The miss distance was just over 24 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 140 to 1,000 meters. Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking." ] }, { "designation": "524522", "fullname": "524522 Zoozve (2002 VE68)", "orbit_id": "86", "jd": 2461347.298327385, "cd": "2026-Nov-02 19:10", "approach_date": "2026-11-02 19:10:00", "dist_au": 0.040231030395144, "dist_km": 6018476.483180522, "dist_ld": 15.656806668003439, "dist_earth_radii": 944.6662887851534, "dist_min_au": 0.0402309849108856, "dist_min_km": 6018469.678832315, "dist_min_ld": 15.656788966785419, "dist_max_au": 0.0402310758797797, "dist_max_km": 6018483.287585172, "dist_max_ld": 15.656824369368293, "v_rel_kms": 8.71731354084156, "v_inf_kms": 8.70971276525961, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 20.54, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "524522-zoozve-2002-ve68", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.040231030395144, "dist_km": 6018476.483180522, "dist_ld": 15.656806668003439, "dist_earth_radii": 944.6662887851534, "dist_min_km": 6018469.678832315, "dist_min_ld": 15.656788966785419, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "6,020,000", "formatted_ld": "15.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 15.656806668003439, "text": "about 16 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 15.656806668003439, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.11022850701795828 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 276.9880055156496, "formatted_m": "277 m", "formatted_range_m": "207 to 463 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "ratio": 0.8393575924716654, "text": "0.839 times the size of a Eiffel Tower", "smaller_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.0071594602583303, "larger_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8393575924716654 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 9.685903934268401, "text": "about 10 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.138030488360517, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.778331566146568 }, "size_class": { "id": "140-to-1000m", "minMeters": 140, "maxMeters": 1000, "label": "140 to 1,000 meters", "hazardLevel": "Continental-scale disaster", "consequence": "Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking.", "citation": "US George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (Public Law 109-155)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-02 19:10, asteroid 524522 Zoozve (2002 VE68) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 6,020,000 km (15.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 8.72 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 277 m, which is 0.839 times the size of a Eiffel Tower.", "The miss distance was about 16 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 140 to 1,000 meters. Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking." ] }, { "designation": "2021 VC4", "fullname": "(2021 VC4)", "orbit_id": "1", "jd": 2461348.229090269, "cd": "2026-Nov-03 17:30", "approach_date": "2026-11-03 17:30:00", "dist_au": 0.0153190362722433, "dist_km": 2291695.207503663, "dist_ld": 5.961746117335231, "dist_earth_radii": 359.70684819476963, "dist_min_au": 0.0135083283348431, "dist_min_km": 2020817.1556090042, "dist_min_ld": 5.257068562978679, "dist_max_au": 0.0196666380308452, "dist_max_km": 2942087.173242083, "dist_max_ld": 7.653712729557967, "v_rel_kms": 11.1747381789748, "v_inf_kms": 11.1591625236854, "t_sigma": "00:37", "h": 26.88, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2021-vc4", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0153190362722433, "dist_km": 2291695.207503663, "dist_ld": 5.961746117335231, "dist_earth_radii": 359.70684819476963, "dist_min_km": 2020817.1556090042, "dist_min_ld": 5.257068562978679, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "2,290,000", "formatted_ld": "5.96" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 5.961746117335231, "text": "just under 6 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 5.961746117335231, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.041972439697869283 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 14.943797128497177, "formatted_m": "14.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "11.2 to 25 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.2453164273747648, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2453164273747648, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6278906356511419 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.4588431043048042, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.4588431043048042, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9977444802656072 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-03 17:30, asteroid (2021 VC4) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 2,290,000 km (5.96 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 11.2 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 14.9 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 6 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2021 JA4", "fullname": "(2021 JA4)", "orbit_id": "5", "jd": 2461348.374894072, "cd": "2026-Nov-03 21:00", "approach_date": "2026-11-03 21:00:00", "dist_au": 0.0578117087442765, "dist_km": 8648508.529672334, "dist_ld": 22.498721461166323, "dist_earth_radii": 1357.4788368924249, "dist_min_au": 0.0578110476428584, "dist_min_km": 8648409.63030787, "dist_min_ld": 22.498464178740555, "dist_max_au": 0.0578123698518398, "dist_max_km": 8648607.429956108, "dist_max_ld": 22.49897874598363, "v_rel_kms": 14.3272152194655, "v_inf_kms": 14.3239979789434, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 22.32, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2021-ja4", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0578117087442765, "dist_km": 8648508.529672334, "dist_ld": 22.498721461166323, "dist_earth_radii": 1357.4788368924249, "dist_min_km": 8648409.63030787, "dist_min_ld": 22.498464178740555, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,650,000", "formatted_ld": "22.5" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 22.498721461166323, "text": "about 22 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 22.498721461166323, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1583975921185409 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 122.02841296289924, "formatted_m": "122 m", "formatted_range_m": "91.3 to 204 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 10.169034413574936, "text": "just over 10 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "football-pitch", "label": "football pitch", "plural": "football pitches", "value": 105, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-pitch", "citation": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines standard international pitch length (105 m)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1621753615514214, "larger_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8842638620499945 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.870393631784008, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2792156445951341, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4807790342102517 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-03 21:00, asteroid (2021 JA4) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,650,000 km (22.5 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 14.3 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 122 m, which is just over 10 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 22 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2017 WJ2", "fullname": "(2017 WJ2)", "orbit_id": "5", "jd": 2461349.682055145, "cd": "2026-Nov-05 04:22", "approach_date": "2026-11-05 04:22:00", "dist_au": 0.0399993405263048, "dist_km": 5983816.172139415, "dist_ld": 15.566639365607218, "dist_earth_radii": 939.2259705433449, "dist_min_au": 0.0381962016296112, "dist_min_km": 5714070.432617705, "dist_min_ld": 14.86490747299091, "dist_max_au": 0.0513871035773619, "dist_max_km": 7687401.276613692, "dist_max_ld": 19.9984424469659, "v_rel_kms": 11.7785663610289, "v_inf_kms": 11.7729095536226, "t_sigma": "04:43", "h": 22.4, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2017-wj2", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0399993405263048, "dist_km": 5983816.172139415, "dist_ld": 15.566639365607218, "dist_earth_radii": 939.2259705433449, "dist_min_km": 5714070.432617705, "dist_min_ld": 14.86490747299091, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "5,980,000", "formatted_ld": "15.6" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 15.566639365607218, "text": "about 16 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 15.566639365607218, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.10959370278643617 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 117.61452612041407, "formatted_m": "118 m", "formatted_range_m": "88 to 197 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 9.801210510034506, "text": "just under 10 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "football-pitch", "label": "football pitch", "plural": "football pitches", "value": 105, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-pitch", "citation": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines standard international pitch length (105 m)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1201383440039434, "larger_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8522791747856092 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.5376718486982899, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.051657710806152, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.39525390473251343 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-05 04:22, asteroid (2017 WJ2) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 5,980,000 km (15.6 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 11.8 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 118 m, which is just under 10 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 16 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2016 VZ1", "fullname": "(2016 VZ1)", "orbit_id": "5", "jd": 2461350.331714784, "cd": "2026-Nov-05 19:58", "approach_date": "2026-11-05 19:58:00", "dist_au": 0.0511845157815688, "dist_km": 7657094.5737332385, "dist_ld": 19.919600868192607, "dist_earth_radii": 1201.8654777600716, "dist_min_au": 0.0163424094568915, "dist_min_km": 2444789.6568585117, "dist_min_ld": 6.360014716073131, "dist_max_au": 0.127016522759604, "dist_max_km": 19001401.348554846, "dist_max_ld": 49.43132504826963, "v_rel_kms": 13.4824050171346, "v_inf_kms": 13.4785434055578, "t_sigma": "2_12:08", "h": 26.1, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2016-vz1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0511845157815688, "dist_km": 7657094.5737332385, "dist_ld": 19.919600868192607, "dist_earth_radii": 1201.8654777600716, "dist_min_km": 2444789.6568585117, "dist_min_ld": 6.360014716073131, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,660,000", "formatted_ld": "19.9" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 19.919600868192607, "text": "just under 20 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 19.919600868192607, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.14023982735775162 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 21.402325416632326, "formatted_m": "21.4 m", "formatted_range_m": "16 to 35.8 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.783527118052694, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.783527118052694, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8992573704467364 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.7601050936207048, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2037861622441608, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.45242969856156373 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-05 19:58, asteroid (2016 VZ1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,660,000 km (19.9 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 13.5 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 21.4 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 20 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2001 KF54", "fullname": "(2001 KF54)", "orbit_id": "33", "jd": 2461350.65164014, "cd": "2026-Nov-06 03:38", "approach_date": "2026-11-06 03:38:00", "dist_au": 0.0484212697109624, "dist_km": 7243718.845350379, "dist_ld": 18.84422176209776, "dist_earth_radii": 1136.981596216859, "dist_min_au": 0.0484197662702367, "dist_min_km": 7243493.93381909, "dist_min_ld": 18.843636664461734, "dist_max_au": 0.0484227731605372, "dist_max_km": 7243943.758205473, "dist_max_ld": 18.84480686317761, "v_rel_kms": 16.4248937921821, "v_inf_kms": 16.421543228226, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 19.79, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2001-kf54", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0484212697109624, "dist_km": 7243718.845350379, "dist_ld": 18.84422176209776, "dist_earth_radii": 1136.981596216859, "dist_min_km": 7243493.93381909, "dist_min_ld": 18.843636664461734, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,240,000", "formatted_ld": "18.8" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 18.84422176209776, "text": "just under 19 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 18.84422176209776, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.13266884332143553 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 391.2559572010295, "formatted_m": "391 m", "formatted_range_m": "293 to 655 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "ratio": 1.1856241127303924, "text": "about one and a half Eiffel Towers", "smaller_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1856241127303924, "larger_item": { "id": "empire-state-building", "label": "Empire State Building", "plural": "Empire State Buildings", "value": 443, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-empire-state", "citation": "Empire State Realty Trust official tip height (1,454 feet / 443 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8831962916501794 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 2.144242009423251, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.4665083743019733, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5511709326235604 }, "size_class": { "id": "140-to-1000m", "minMeters": 140, "maxMeters": 1000, "label": "140 to 1,000 meters", "hazardLevel": "Continental-scale disaster", "consequence": "Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking.", "citation": "US George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (Public Law 109-155)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-06 03:38, asteroid (2001 KF54) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,240,000 km (18.8 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 16.4 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 391 m, which is about one and a half Eiffel Towers.", "The miss distance was just under 19 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 140 to 1,000 meters. Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking." ] }, { "designation": "2025 VN", "fullname": "(2025 VN)", "orbit_id": "4", "jd": 2461350.902571724, "cd": "2026-Nov-06 09:40", "approach_date": "2026-11-06 09:40:00", "dist_au": 0.0588313017669809, "dist_km": 8801037.474849489, "dist_ld": 22.895518925206787, "dist_earth_radii": 1381.4199377633004, "dist_min_au": 0.0577417214470411, "dist_min_km": 8638038.579029871, "dist_min_ld": 22.471484336706222, "dist_max_au": 0.0599208814139427, "dist_max_km": 8964036.269993033, "dist_max_ld": 23.319553251802898, "v_rel_kms": 12.3686030508242, "v_inf_kms": 12.3649408045386, "t_sigma": "00:52", "h": 27.94, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2025-vn", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0588313017669809, "dist_km": 8801037.474849489, "dist_ld": 22.895518925206787, "dist_earth_radii": 1381.4199377633004, "dist_min_km": 8638038.579029871, "dist_min_ld": 22.471484336706222, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,800,000", "formatted_ld": "22.9" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 22.895518925206787, "text": "just under 23 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 22.895518925206787, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.16119116254303092 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 9.17193489036231, "formatted_m": "9.17 m", "formatted_range_m": "6.86 to 15.3 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 0.7643279075301925, "text": "0.764 times the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "giraffe", "label": "giraffe", "plural": "giraffes", "value": 5.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 12, "svgId": "silhouette-giraffe", "citation": "Giraffa camelopardalis average adult height, Smithsonian National Zoo." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.66762452552042, "larger_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7643279075301925 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.6147001371833158, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1043395581093036, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.41505379365181877 }, "size_class": { "id": "under-10m", "minMeters": 0, "maxMeters": 10, "label": "Under 10 meters", "hazardLevel": "Harmless atmospheric burn", "consequence": "Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments.", "citation": "NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office Assessment of Near-Earth Object Hazard Thresholds." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-06 09:40, asteroid (2025 VN) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,800,000 km (22.9 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 12.4 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 9.17 m, which is 0.764 times the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was just under 23 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: Under 10 meters. Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments." ] }, { "designation": "2007 VV83", "fullname": "(2007 VV83)", "orbit_id": "10", "jd": 2461351.514692758, "cd": "2026-Nov-07 00:21", "approach_date": "2026-11-07 00:21:00", "dist_au": 0.0557705024603866, "dist_km": 8343148.415942946, "dist_ld": 21.704340312026396, "dist_earth_radii": 1309.5491978573793, "dist_min_au": 0.0532941719043077, "dist_min_km": 7972694.637604196, "dist_min_ld": 20.740620805421944, "dist_max_au": 0.0590765596142718, "dist_max_km": 8837727.526576674, "dist_max_ld": 22.990966510345146, "v_rel_kms": 5.51150620886058, "v_inf_kms": 5.50283101024964, "t_sigma": "19:24", "h": 24.7, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2007-vv83", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0557705024603866, "dist_km": 8343148.415942946, "dist_ld": 21.704340312026396, "dist_earth_radii": 1309.5491978573793, "dist_min_km": 7972694.637604196, "dist_min_ld": 20.740620805421944, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,340,000", "formatted_ld": "21.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 21.704340312026396, "text": "about 22 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 21.704340312026396, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1528049160429111 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 40.781290354459394, "formatted_m": "40.8 m", "formatted_range_m": "30.5 to 68.2 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 3.3984408628716163, "text": "about 3 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.6312516141783757, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5776386735759121 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.7195177818355849, "text": "0.72 times the size of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 6.123895787622867, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7195177818355849 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-07 00:21, asteroid (2007 VV83) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,340,000 km (21.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 5.51 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 40.8 m, which is about 3 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 22 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2024 VV1", "fullname": "(2024 VV1)", "orbit_id": "3", "jd": 2461352.684564181, "cd": "2026-Nov-08 04:26", "approach_date": "2026-11-08 04:26:00", "dist_au": 0.0712724530106188, "dist_km": 10662207.209954375, "dist_ld": 27.73727161798745, "dist_earth_radii": 1673.5510628701732, "dist_min_au": 0.0357666090014195, "dist_min_km": 5350608.54877181, "dist_min_ld": 13.919377077970369, "dist_max_au": 0.108523510585251, "dist_max_km": 16234886.10444246, "dist_max_ld": 42.23435511041223, "v_rel_kms": 6.54532649462754, "v_inf_kms": 6.53961238000406, "t_sigma": "6_13:46", "h": 26.8, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2024-vv1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0712724530106188, "dist_km": 10662207.209954375, "dist_ld": 27.73727161798745, "dist_earth_radii": 1673.5510628701732, "dist_min_km": 5350608.54877181, "dist_min_ld": 13.919377077970369, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "10,700,000", "formatted_ld": "27.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 27.73727161798745, "text": "about 28 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 27.73727161798745, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.19527852032883472 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 15.504614161035413, "formatted_m": "15.5 m", "formatted_range_m": "11.6 to 25.9 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.2920511800862844, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2920511800862844, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.651454376514093 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.8544812656171723, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 7.2725849940306, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8544812656171723 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-08 04:26, asteroid (2024 VV1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 10,700,000 km (27.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 6.55 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 15.5 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was about 28 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2022 TB41", "fullname": "(2022 TB41)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461353.10527335, "cd": "2026-Nov-08 14:32", "approach_date": "2026-11-08 14:32:00", "dist_au": 0.0615106613346241, "dist_km": 9201863.961008584, "dist_ld": 23.938251719585285, "dist_earth_radii": 1444.3340772776592, "dist_min_au": 0.0534777153253129, "dist_min_km": 8000152.342567567, "dist_min_ld": 20.812050839145595, "dist_max_au": 0.0705270780022741, "dist_max_km": 10550700.695833014, "dist_max_ld": 27.447192236818456, "v_rel_kms": 6.62793259132845, "v_inf_kms": 6.62139378976851, "t_sigma": "3_00:00", "h": 29.77, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2022-tb41", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0615106613346241, "dist_km": 9201863.961008584, "dist_ld": 23.938251719585285, "dist_earth_radii": 1444.3340772776592, "dist_min_km": 8000152.342567567, "dist_min_ld": 20.812050839145595, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,200,000", "formatted_ld": "23.9" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 23.938251719585285, "text": "just under 24 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 23.938251719585285, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1685323069781792 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 3.948762039998347, "formatted_m": "3.95 m", "formatted_range_m": "2.95 to 6.61 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "family-car", "label": "family car", "plural": "family cars", "value": 4.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 6, "svgId": "silhouette-car", "citation": "ISO standard passenger vehicle average overall bumper-to-bumper length." }, "ratio": 0.8775026755551882, "text": "about the size of a family car", "smaller_item": { "id": "adult-human", "label": "adult human", "plural": "adult humans", "value": 1.7, "unit": "m", "rank": 10, "svgId": "silhouette-human", "citation": "World Health Organization global average adult human height." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.3228011999990277, "larger_item": { "id": "family-car", "label": "family car", "plural": "family cars", "value": 4.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 6, "svgId": "silhouette-car", "citation": "ISO standard passenger vehicle average overall bumper-to-bumper length." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8775026755551882 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.8652653513483616, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 7.3643695459205, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8652653513483616 }, "size_class": { "id": "under-10m", "minMeters": 0, "maxMeters": 10, "label": "Under 10 meters", "hazardLevel": "Harmless atmospheric burn", "consequence": "Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments.", "citation": "NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office Assessment of Near-Earth Object Hazard Thresholds." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-08 14:32, asteroid (2022 TB41) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,200,000 km (23.9 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 6.63 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 3.95 m, which is about the size of a family car.", "The miss distance was just under 24 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: Under 10 meters. Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments." ] }, { "designation": "2025 UF5", "fullname": "(2025 UF5)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461354.378953221, "cd": "2026-Nov-09 21:06", "approach_date": "2026-11-09 21:06:00", "dist_au": 0.0483285203945581, "dist_km": 7229843.745107415, "dist_ld": 18.808126288000558, "dist_earth_radii": 1134.8037461430617, "dist_min_au": 0.0461358857258629, "dist_min_km": 6901830.267447613, "dist_min_ld": 17.95481339086268, "dist_max_au": 0.0506851279674532, "dist_max_km": 7582387.220088016, "dist_max_ld": 19.725252913860604, "v_rel_kms": 1.94365998105654, "v_inf_kms": 1.91508454761627, "t_sigma": "2_00:46", "h": 27.7, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2025-uf5", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0483285203945581, "dist_km": 7229843.745107415, "dist_ld": 18.808126288000558, "dist_earth_radii": 1134.8037461430617, "dist_min_km": 6901830.267447613, "dist_min_ld": 17.95481339086268, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,230,000", "formatted_ld": "18.8" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 18.808126288000558, "text": "just under 19 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 18.808126288000558, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.13241472060636292 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 10.243796990081895, "formatted_m": "10.2 m", "formatted_range_m": "7.67 to 17.1 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 0.8536497491734912, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "giraffe", "label": "giraffe", "plural": "giraffes", "value": 5.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 12, "svgId": "silhouette-giraffe", "citation": "Giraffa camelopardalis average adult height, Smithsonian National Zoo." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.8625085436512536, "larger_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8536497491734912 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 2.159622201173933, "text": "about 2 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.159622201173933, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.2537415118872768 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-09 21:06, asteroid (2025 UF5) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,230,000 km (18.8 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 1.94 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 10.2 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was just under 19 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2015 VH65", "fullname": "(2015 VH65)", "orbit_id": "7", "jd": 2461354.516784707, "cd": "2026-Nov-10 00:24", "approach_date": "2026-11-10 00:24:00", "dist_au": 0.0249087786115373, "dist_km": 3726300.242023682, "dist_ld": 9.693809162392514, "dist_earth_radii": 584.8839370510416, "dist_min_au": 0.0186139747742674, "dist_min_km": 2784610.9914939157, "dist_min_ld": 7.244045243220384, "dist_max_au": 0.0372378267580714, "dist_max_km": 5570699.592502965, "dist_max_ld": 14.491934423785027, "v_rel_kms": 7.97537698967337, "v_inf_kms": 7.96195322442499, "t_sigma": "1_02:01", "h": 27.7, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2015-vh65", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0249087786115373, "dist_km": 3726300.242023682, "dist_ld": 9.693809162392514, "dist_earth_radii": 584.8839370510416, "dist_min_km": 2784610.9914939157, "dist_min_ld": 7.244045243220384, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "3,730,000", "formatted_ld": "9.69" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 9.693809162392514, "text": "about 10 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 9.693809162392514, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.06824725717992092 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 10.243796990081895, "formatted_m": "10.2 m", "formatted_range_m": "7.67 to 17.1 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 0.8536497491734912, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "giraffe", "label": "giraffe", "plural": "giraffes", "value": 5.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 12, "svgId": "silhouette-giraffe", "citation": "Giraffa camelopardalis average adult height, Smithsonian National Zoo." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.8625085436512536, "larger_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8536497491734912 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.0411719307667584, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0411719307667584, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7120872312208366 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-10 00:24, asteroid (2015 VH65) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 3,730,000 km (9.69 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.98 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 10.2 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was about 10 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2012 YD7", "fullname": "(2012 YD7)", "orbit_id": "12", "jd": 2461355.336778319, "cd": "2026-Nov-10 20:05", "approach_date": "2026-11-10 20:05:00", "dist_au": 0.047599602611746, "dist_km": 7120799.19688336, "dist_ld": 18.52445160479542, "dist_earth_radii": 1117.688001158272, "dist_min_au": 0.042224791497043, "dist_min_km": 6316738.898709098, "dist_min_ld": 16.432723461782253, "dist_max_au": 0.0531110129401956, "dist_max_km": 7945294.446573407, "dist_max_ld": 20.669340391710218, "v_rel_kms": 7.46427303345919, "v_inf_kms": 7.45676994884607, "t_sigma": "03:10", "h": 24.3, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2012-yd7", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.047599602611746, "dist_km": 7120799.19688336, "dist_ld": 18.52445160479542, "dist_earth_radii": 1117.688001158272, "dist_min_km": 6316738.898709098, "dist_min_ld": 16.432723461782253, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,120,000", "formatted_ld": "18.5" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 18.52445160479542, "text": "about 19 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 18.52445160479542, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.13041756770848645 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 49.029894990972586, "formatted_m": "49 m", "formatted_range_m": "36.7 to 82 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 4.085824582581049, "text": "just over 4 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.9611957996389036, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.694474433299895 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 0.9744481766918002, "text": "about the speed of a ISS orbital velocity", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 8.293636703843545, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9744481766918002 }, "size_class": { "id": "25-to-50m", "minMeters": 25, "maxMeters": 50, "label": "25 to 50 meters", "hazardLevel": "Severe local devastation", "consequence": "Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event.", "citation": "National Academy of Sciences Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies (2010)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-10 20:05, asteroid (2012 YD7) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,120,000 km (18.5 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 7.46 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 49 m, which is just over 4 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 19 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 25 to 50 meters. Can produce a low-altitude airburst or surface crater capable of flattening forests over hundreds of square kilometers and devastating a metropolitan area, comparable to the 1908 Tunguska event." ] }, { "designation": "2023 VF3", "fullname": "(2023 VF3)", "orbit_id": "2", "jd": 2461355.864357962, "cd": "2026-Nov-11 08:45", "approach_date": "2026-11-11 08:45:00", "dist_au": 0.0216543559130317, "dist_km": 3239445.5359694962, "dist_ld": 8.42727766901534, "dist_earth_radii": 508.46671923336095, "dist_min_au": 0.021616505488297, "dist_min_km": 3233783.1930240947, "dist_min_ld": 8.412547328366532, "dist_max_au": 0.0257885073485716, "dist_max_km": 3857905.7878776137, "dist_max_ld": 10.036175306653522, "v_rel_kms": 8.83920587644142, "v_inf_kms": 8.82527442976536, "t_sigma": "18:42", "h": 26.38, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2023-vf3", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0216543559130317, "dist_km": 3239445.5359694962, "dist_ld": 8.42727766901534, "dist_earth_radii": 508.46671923336095, "dist_min_km": 3233783.1930240947, "dist_min_ld": 8.412547328366532, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "3,240,000", "formatted_ld": "8.43" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 8.42727766901534, "text": "about 8 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 8.42727766901534, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.059330504321785646 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 18.813125953761787, "formatted_m": "18.8 m", "formatted_range_m": "14.1 to 31.5 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.5677604961468157, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.5677604961468157, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7904674770488146 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 9.821339862712689, "text": "just under 10 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1539433259061906, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7892148103965555 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-11 08:45, asteroid (2023 VF3) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 3,240,000 km (8.43 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 8.84 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 18.8 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was about 8 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2021 VY4", "fullname": "(2021 VY4)", "orbit_id": "4", "jd": 2461357.468335791, "cd": "2026-Nov-12 23:14", "approach_date": "2026-11-12 23:14:00", "dist_au": 0.0751738551220572, "dist_km": 11245848.658570044, "dist_ld": 29.255589642481905, "dist_earth_radii": 1765.1600278276285, "dist_min_au": 0.0685717492834426, "dist_min_km": 10258187.682977263, "dist_min_ld": 26.686232265809736, "dist_max_au": 0.081776686779873, "dist_max_km": 12233618.21516984, "dist_max_ld": 31.825229487954836, "v_rel_kms": 12.2336147861657, "v_inf_kms": 12.2307171612391, "t_sigma": "01:52", "h": 26.43, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2021-vy4", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0751738551220572, "dist_km": 11245848.658570044, "dist_ld": 29.255589642481905, "dist_earth_radii": 1765.1600278276285, "dist_min_km": 10258187.682977263, "dist_min_ld": 26.686232265809736, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "11,200,000", "formatted_ld": "29.3" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "ratio": 0.2059679241496345, "text": "0.206 times the Mars closest approach", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 29.255589642481905, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.2059679241496345 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 18.384886924545814, "formatted_m": "18.4 m", "formatted_range_m": "13.8 to 30.8 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.532073910378818, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.532073910378818, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.772474240527135 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.597077648324504, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0922870344790805, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.410523986112943 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-12 23:14, asteroid (2021 VY4) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 11,200,000 km (29.3 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 12.2 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 18.4 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was 0.206 times the Mars closest approach.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2022 MP2", "fullname": "(2022 MP2)", "orbit_id": "5", "jd": 2461357.557596068, "cd": "2026-Nov-13 01:23", "approach_date": "2026-11-13 01:23:00", "dist_au": 0.0506736414149568, "dist_km": 7580668.856292873, "dist_ld": 19.720782664653676, "dist_earth_radii": 1189.8696181660537, "dist_min_au": 0.0506681100844303, "dist_min_km": 7579841.3810239695, "dist_min_ld": 19.718630023475466, "dist_max_au": 0.0506791732952426, "dist_max_km": 7581496.413804595, "dist_max_ld": 19.722935519783025, "v_rel_kms": 3.81007411440233, "v_inf_kms": 3.79624846629615, "t_sigma": "00:02", "h": 25.95, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2022-mp2", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0506736414149568, "dist_km": 7580668.856292873, "dist_ld": 19.720782664653676, "dist_earth_radii": 1189.8696181660537, "dist_min_km": 7579841.3810239695, "dist_min_ld": 19.718630023475466, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,580,000", "formatted_ld": "19.7" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 19.720782664653676, "text": "about 20 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 19.720782664653676, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1388400889430929 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 22.933004860899096, "formatted_m": "22.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "17.2 to 38.4 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.911083738408258, "text": "about 2 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.911083738408258, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9635716328108864 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 4.233415682669255, "text": "just over 4 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 4.233415682669255, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4973987094520013 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-13 01:23, asteroid (2022 MP2) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,580,000 km (19.7 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 3.81 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 22.9 m, which is about 2 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 20 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2025 VG5", "fullname": "(2025 VG5)", "orbit_id": "4", "jd": 2461357.635245261, "cd": "2026-Nov-13 03:15", "approach_date": "2026-11-13 03:15:00", "dist_au": 0.0465759103731449, "dist_km": 6967657.01773652, "dist_ld": 18.12605883906483, "dist_earth_radii": 1093.6506464497486, "dist_min_au": 0.0458831176273968, "dist_min_km": 6864016.698136197, "dist_min_ld": 17.85644302324713, "dist_max_au": 0.0473030855315731, "dist_max_km": 7076440.873063313, "dist_max_ld": 18.409055340955547, "v_rel_kms": 4.86474934493965, "v_inf_kms": 4.85297555183632, "t_sigma": "02:31", "h": 26.74, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2025-vg5", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0465759103731449, "dist_km": 6967657.01773652, "dist_ld": 18.12605883906483, "dist_earth_radii": 1093.6506464497486, "dist_min_km": 6864016.698136197, "dist_min_ld": 17.85644302324713, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "6,970,000", "formatted_ld": "18.1" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 18.12605883906483, "text": "just over 18 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 18.12605883906483, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.12761276589261025 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 15.938996053706942, "formatted_m": "15.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "11.9 to 26.7 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.3282496711422451, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3282496711422451, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6697057165423085 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 5.405277049932944, "text": "about 5 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "smaller_ratio": 5.405277049932944, "larger_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6350847708798498 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-13 03:15, asteroid (2025 VG5) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 6,970,000 km (18.1 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 4.86 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 15.9 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 18 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2019 VL5", "fullname": "(2019 VL5)", "orbit_id": "9", "jd": 2461358.198261722, "cd": "2026-Nov-13 16:45", "approach_date": "2026-11-13 16:45:00", "dist_au": 0.0638196488393498, "dist_km": 9547283.575188456, "dist_ld": 24.836845929210345, "dist_earth_radii": 1498.5514969041722, "dist_min_au": 0.0638189522509306, "dist_min_km": 9547179.367044188, "dist_min_ld": 24.836574836223175, "dist_max_au": 0.0638203454297424, "dist_max_km": 9547387.783627938, "dist_max_ld": 24.8371170229655, "v_rel_kms": 9.93811598395022, "v_inf_kms": 9.93391408400691, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 25.86, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2019-vl5", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0638196488393498, "dist_km": 9547283.575188456, "dist_ld": 24.836845929210345, "dist_earth_radii": 1498.5514969041722, "dist_min_km": 9547179.367044188, "dist_min_ld": 24.836574836223175, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,550,000", "formatted_ld": "24.8" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 24.836845929210345, "text": "just under 25 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 24.836845929210345, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1748586735382501 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 23.903470674876484, "formatted_m": "23.9 m", "formatted_range_m": "17.9 to 40 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.9919558895730403, "text": "about 2 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0043475073477515, "larger_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9561388269950594 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.042351093278024, "text": "just over 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2974041754504204, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8873317842812698 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-13 16:45, asteroid (2019 VL5) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,550,000 km (24.8 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 9.94 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 23.9 m, which is about 2 school buses.", "The miss distance was just under 25 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "363790", "fullname": "363790 (2005 JE46)", "orbit_id": "172", "jd": 2461358.332236681, "cd": "2026-Nov-13 19:58", "approach_date": "2026-11-13 19:58:00", "dist_au": 0.0514486906961074, "dist_km": 7696614.5784405675, "dist_ld": 20.022410453799605, "dist_earth_radii": 1208.0685785421347, "dist_min_au": 0.0514480020704691, "dist_min_km": 7696511.5615113685, "dist_min_ld": 20.022142459706995, "dist_max_au": 0.0514493793256645, "dist_max_km": 7696717.59595601, "dist_max_ld": 20.0226784494173, "v_rel_kms": 14.7324440967958, "v_inf_kms": 14.7289283705528, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 17.85, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "363790-2005-je46", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0514486906961074, "dist_km": 7696614.5784405675, "dist_ld": 20.022410453799605, "dist_earth_radii": 1208.0685785421347, "dist_min_km": 7696511.5615113685, "dist_min_ld": 20.022142459706995, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,700,000", "formatted_ld": "20" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 20.022410453799605, "text": "just over 20 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 20.022410453799605, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.14096363696777597 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 956.0067597485194, "formatted_m": "956 m", "formatted_range_m": "715 to 1,600 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "football-pitch", "label": "football pitch", "plural": "football pitches", "value": 105, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-pitch", "citation": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines standard international pitch length (105 m)." }, "ratio": 9.104826283319232, "text": "just over 9 football pitches", "smaller_item": { "id": "burj-khalifa", "label": "Burj Khalifa", "plural": "Burj Khalifas", "value": 828, "unit": "m", "rank": 3, "svgId": "silhouette-burj-khalifa", "citation": "Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat official architectural height." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.1545975359281635, "larger_item": { "id": "golden-gate-span", "label": "Golden Gate main span", "plural": "Golden Gate main spans", "value": 1280, "unit": "m", "rank": 13, "svgId": "silhouette-bridge", "citation": "Golden Gate Bridge Highway and Transportation District suspension span length (4,200 feet / 1,280 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7468802810535308 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.92329557399423, "text": "about 2 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.315396794356768, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4943773186844228 }, "size_class": { "id": "140-to-1000m", "minMeters": 140, "maxMeters": 1000, "label": "140 to 1,000 meters", "hazardLevel": "Continental-scale disaster", "consequence": "Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking.", "citation": "US George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (Public Law 109-155)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-13 19:58, asteroid 363790 (2005 JE46) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,700,000 km (20 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 14.7 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 956 m, which is just over 9 football pitches.", "The miss distance was just over 20 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 140 to 1,000 meters. Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking." ] }, { "designation": "2020 XM1", "fullname": "(2020 XM1)", "orbit_id": "8", "jd": 2461361.409136906, "cd": "2026-Nov-16 21:49", "approach_date": "2026-11-16 21:49:00", "dist_au": 0.0714062037039049, "dist_km": 10682216.028874625, "dist_ld": 27.789323696343978, "dist_earth_radii": 1676.691667766643, "dist_min_au": 0.07140424737904, "dist_min_km": 10681923.366840439, "dist_min_ld": 27.788562348700413, "dist_max_au": 0.071408160042071, "dist_max_km": 10682508.692898642, "dist_max_ld": 27.790085049164002, "v_rel_kms": 18.1014847012646, "v_inf_kms": 18.0994231841454, "t_sigma": "< 00:01", "h": 21.52, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2020-xm1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0714062037039049, "dist_km": 10682216.028874625, "dist_ld": 27.789323696343978, "dist_earth_radii": 1676.691667766643, "dist_min_km": 10681923.366840439, "dist_min_ld": 27.788562348700413, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "10,700,000", "formatted_ld": "27.8" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 27.789323696343978, "text": "just under 28 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 27.789323696343978, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.19564498221382096 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 176.38472125758247, "formatted_m": "176 m", "formatted_range_m": "132 to 295 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "label": "Statue of Liberty", "plural": "Statues of Liberty", "value": 93, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-statue-liberty", "citation": "US National Park Service Statue of Liberty ground-to-torch tip height (305 feet / 93 m)." }, "ratio": 1.8966099059955104, "text": "about 2 Statues of Liberty", "smaller_item": { "id": "great-pyramid", "label": "Great Pyramid", "plural": "Great Pyramids", "value": 138, "unit": "m", "rank": 11, "svgId": "silhouette-pyramid", "citation": "Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Great Pyramid of Giza modern height." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2781501540404527, "larger_item": { "id": "eiffel-tower", "label": "Eiffel Tower", "plural": "Eiffel Towers", "value": 330, "unit": "m", "rank": 1, "svgId": "silhouette-eiffel-tower", "citation": "SETE (Societe d Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel) official architectural summit height." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5344991553260074 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 2.3631181072147, "text": "about 2.5 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.6162039911843393, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.6074323725256577 }, "size_class": { "id": "140-to-1000m", "minMeters": 140, "maxMeters": 1000, "label": "140 to 1,000 meters", "hazardLevel": "Continental-scale disaster", "consequence": "Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking.", "citation": "US George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act (Public Law 109-155)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-16 21:49, asteroid (2020 XM1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 10,700,000 km (27.8 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 18.1 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 176 m, which is about 2 Statues of Liberty.", "The miss distance was just under 28 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 140 to 1,000 meters. Causes widespread continental destruction, severe climatic cooling from injected dust, and potentially lethal ocean tsunamis if hitting water; Congress designated 140 meters as the threshold for mandatory congressional NEO tracking." ] }, { "designation": "2023 VE6", "fullname": "(2023 VE6)", "orbit_id": "4", "jd": 2461361.781963406, "cd": "2026-Nov-17 06:46", "approach_date": "2026-11-17 06:46:00", "dist_au": 0.0470991947664407, "dist_km": 7045939.2487441115, "dist_ld": 18.32970668247688, "dist_earth_radii": 1105.9379063319511, "dist_min_au": 0.0153912148117894, "dist_min_km": 2302492.9633299955, "dist_min_ld": 5.989836012825171, "dist_max_au": 0.0788139034845923, "dist_max_km": 11790392.142850317, "dist_max_ld": 30.672196001171482, "v_rel_kms": 10.1012078051812, "v_inf_kms": 10.0956057676574, "t_sigma": "5_03:28", "h": 27.16, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2023-ve6", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0470991947664407, "dist_km": 7045939.2487441115, "dist_ld": 18.32970668247688, "dist_earth_radii": 1105.9379063319511, "dist_min_km": 2302492.9633299955, "dist_min_ld": 5.989836012825171, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,050,000", "formatted_ld": "18.3" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 18.32970668247688, "text": "about 18 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 18.32970668247688, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1290465063872548 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 13.135934162901703, "formatted_m": "13.1 m", "formatted_range_m": "9.83 to 22 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.0946611802418087, "text": "about the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0946611802418087, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5519300068446094 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 11.22356422797911, "text": "just over 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.3186955359244388, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9018935540340358 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-17 06:46, asteroid (2023 VE6) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,050,000 km (18.3 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.1 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 13.1 m, which is about the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was about 18 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2023 VT7", "fullname": "(2023 VT7)", "orbit_id": "10", "jd": 2461362.645874212, "cd": "2026-Nov-18 03:30", "approach_date": "2026-11-18 03:30:00", "dist_au": 0.0565969617054365, "dist_km": 8466784.959222741, "dist_ld": 22.025975440225654, "dist_earth_radii": 1328.9553174666773, "dist_min_au": 0.0169127399780444, "dist_min_km": 2530109.8884182065, "dist_min_ld": 6.581971613991172, "dist_max_au": 0.0963359760703829, "dist_max_km": 14411656.891935434, "dist_max_ld": 37.491303048739425, "v_rel_kms": 10.8480532349505, "v_inf_kms": 10.8437125893597, "t_sigma": "2_13:51", "h": 24.05, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2023-vt7", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0565969617054365, "dist_km": 8466784.959222741, "dist_ld": 22.025975440225654, "dist_earth_radii": 1328.9553174666773, "dist_min_km": 2530109.8884182065, "dist_min_ld": 6.581971613991172, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,470,000", "formatted_ld": "22" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 22.025975440225654, "text": "just over 22 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 22.025975440225654, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.1550693215974861 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 55.01244699235862, "formatted_m": "55 m", "formatted_range_m": "41.2 to 92.1 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 4.584370582696551, "text": "about 5 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "blue-whale", "label": "blue whale", "plural": "blue whales", "value": 25, "unit": "m", "rank": 5, "svgId": "silhouette-whale", "citation": "Balaenoptera musculus adult average length, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Laboratory." }, "smaller_ratio": 2.200497879694345, "larger_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7792131302033799 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 12.053392483278333, "text": "just over 12 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.416194939288577, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.968576181692009 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-18 03:30, asteroid (2023 VT7) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,470,000 km (22 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 10.8 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 55 m, which is about 5 school buses.", "The miss distance was just over 22 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2009 WD54", "fullname": "(2009 WD54)", "orbit_id": "8", "jd": 2461363.011174848, "cd": "2026-Nov-18 12:16", "approach_date": "2026-11-18 12:16:00", "dist_au": 0.0629359547002951, "dist_km": 9415084.813635804, "dist_ld": 24.492936559926648, "dist_earth_radii": 1477.8014426658708, "dist_min_au": 0.0614626639988323, "dist_min_km": 9194683.661774859, "dist_min_ld": 23.919572481204106, "dist_max_au": 0.0644477718309475, "dist_max_km": 9641249.437269187, "dist_max_ld": 25.08129406157437, "v_rel_kms": 9.37335101461525, "v_inf_kms": 9.3688332528611, "t_sigma": "06:45", "h": 28.5, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2009-wd54", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0629359547002951, "dist_km": 9415084.813635804, "dist_ld": 24.492936559926648, "dist_earth_radii": 1477.8014426658708, "dist_min_km": 9194683.661774859, "dist_min_ld": 23.919572481204106, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "9,420,000", "formatted_ld": "24.5" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 24.492936559926648, "text": "about 24 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 24.492936559926648, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.17243745079919054 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 7.086976017544833, "formatted_m": "7.09 m", "formatted_range_m": "5.3 to 11.9 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 0.5905813347954028, "text": "0.591 times the size of a school bus", "smaller_item": { "id": "giraffe", "label": "giraffe", "plural": "giraffes", "value": 5.5, "unit": "m", "rank": 12, "svgId": "silhouette-giraffe", "citation": "Giraffa camelopardalis average adult height, Smithsonian National Zoo." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2885410940990605, "larger_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "larger_ratio": 0.5905813347954028 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 10.414834460683611, "text": "about 10 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2236750671821477, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8369063405906474 }, "size_class": { "id": "under-10m", "minMeters": 0, "maxMeters": 10, "label": "Under 10 meters", "hazardLevel": "Harmless atmospheric burn", "consequence": "Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments.", "citation": "NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office Assessment of Near-Earth Object Hazard Thresholds." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-18 12:16, asteroid (2009 WD54) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 9,420,000 km (24.5 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 9.37 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 7.09 m, which is 0.591 times the size of a school bus.", "The miss distance was about 24 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: Under 10 meters. Typically burns up harmlessly high in the upper atmosphere, producing a bright meteor fireball with negligible ground risk and occasional small meteorite fragments." ] }, { "designation": "2019 WT1", "fullname": "(2019 WT1)", "orbit_id": "4", "jd": 2461363.418058479, "cd": "2026-Nov-18 22:02", "approach_date": "2026-11-18 22:02:00", "dist_au": 0.0504130456655318, "dist_km": 7541684.287065421, "dist_ld": 19.61936599132524, "dist_earth_radii": 1183.750559890275, "dist_min_au": 0.043788212114549, "dist_min_km": 6550623.294096475, "dist_min_ld": 17.04116361627595, "dist_max_au": 0.0573107312047901, "dist_max_km": 8573563.356496643, "dist_max_ld": 22.303754829595846, "v_rel_kms": 9.74600685131017, "v_inf_kms": 9.74058230291779, "t_sigma": "03:48", "h": 26.8, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2019-wt1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0504130456655318, "dist_km": 7541684.287065421, "dist_ld": 19.61936599132524, "dist_earth_radii": 1183.750559890275, "dist_min_km": 6550623.294096475, "dist_min_ld": 17.04116361627595, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "7,540,000", "formatted_ld": "19.6" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 19.61936599132524, "text": "about 20 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 19.61936599132524, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.13812608584368904 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 15.504614161035413, "formatted_m": "15.5 m", "formatted_range_m": "11.6 to 25.9 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 1.2920511800862844, "text": "about one and a half school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2920511800862844, "larger_item": { "id": "tennis-court", "label": "tennis court", "plural": "tennis courts", "value": 23.8, "unit": "m", "rank": 8, "svgId": "silhouette-tennis-court", "citation": "International Tennis Federation official court baseline length (78 feet / 23.77 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.651454376514093 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "rifle-bullet", "label": "rifle bullet", "plural": "rifle bullets", "value": 0.9, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 2, "svgId": "speed-bullet", "citation": "NATO standard 7.62x51mm rifle muzzle velocity (900 m/s = 0.90 km/s)." }, "ratio": 10.828896501455745, "text": "just under 11 rifle bullets", "smaller_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.272324654218038, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "larger_ratio": 0.8701791831526938 }, "size_class": { "id": "10-to-25m", "minMeters": 10, "maxMeters": 25, "label": "10 to 25 meters", "hazardLevel": "High-altitude airburst risk", "consequence": "Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event.", "citation": "NASA Report to Congress on Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives (2007)." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-18 22:02, asteroid (2019 WT1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 7,540,000 km (19.6 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 9.75 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 15.5 m, which is about one and a half school buses.", "The miss distance was about 20 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 10 to 25 meters. Produces a powerful high-altitude shockwave capable of shattering windows, damaging roofs, and producing minor local injuries like the 2013 Chelyabinsk event." ] }, { "designation": "2018 NE1", "fullname": "(2018 NE1)", "orbit_id": "14", "jd": 2461363.594765024, "cd": "2026-Nov-19 02:16", "approach_date": "2026-11-19 02:16:00", "dist_au": 0.0426855037095717, "dist_km": 6385660.464708877, "dist_ld": 16.612019939409148, "dist_earth_radii": 1002.299866003759, "dist_min_au": 0.0422080084155706, "dist_min_km": 6314228.1854570415, "dist_min_ld": 16.426191949680128, "dist_max_au": 0.0679454825600221, "dist_max_km": 10164499.51466329, "dist_max_ld": 26.442506541787957, "v_rel_kms": 13.2843078205714, "v_inf_kms": 13.2796081237275, "t_sigma": "4_20:03", "h": 23.4, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2018-ne1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0426855037095717, "dist_km": 6385660.464708877, "dist_ld": 16.612019939409148, "dist_earth_radii": 1002.299866003759, "dist_min_km": 6314228.1854570415, "dist_min_ld": 16.426191949680128, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "6,390,000", "formatted_ld": "16.6" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 16.612019939409148, "text": "about 17 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 16.612019939409148, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.11695348836463144 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 74.20974907323276, "formatted_m": "74.2 m", "formatted_range_m": "55.5 to 124 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "school-bus", "label": "school bus", "plural": "school buses", "value": 12, "unit": "m", "rank": 2, "svgId": "silhouette-bus", "citation": "US Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Type D 72-passenger bus." }, "ratio": 6.18414575610273, "text": "just over 6 school buses", "smaller_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.0511295902724187, "larger_item": { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "label": "Statue of Liberty", "plural": "Statues of Liberty", "value": 93, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-statue-liberty", "citation": "US National Park Service Statue of Liberty ground-to-torch tip height (305 feet / 93 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.7979542911100297 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 1.7342438408056657, "text": "about one and a half ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.186098912551018, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.4457821416299127 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-19 02:16, asteroid (2018 NE1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 6,390,000 km (16.6 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 13.3 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 74.2 m, which is just over 6 school buses.", "The miss distance was about 17 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] }, { "designation": "2019 VF1", "fullname": "(2019 VF1)", "orbit_id": "16", "jd": 2461364.501971037, "cd": "2026-Nov-20 00:03", "approach_date": "2026-11-20 00:03:00", "dist_au": 0.0600399857744773, "dist_km": 8981854.028720094, "dist_ld": 23.365905381685987, "dist_earth_radii": 1409.801090929425, "dist_min_au": 0.024621911902697, "dist_min_km": 3683385.5932064564, "dist_min_ld": 9.582168556728554, "dist_max_au": 0.0957930412108533, "dist_max_km": 14330434.993021002, "dist_max_ld": 37.28000778621489, "v_rel_kms": 19.8333253481733, "v_inf_kms": 19.8310876539521, "t_sigma": "1_19:37", "h": 23, "diameter_km": null, "diameter_sigma_km": null, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "slug": "2019-vf1", "dist_info": { "dist_au": 0.0600399857744773, "dist_km": 8981854.028720094, "dist_ld": 23.365905381685987, "dist_earth_radii": 1409.801090929425, "dist_min_km": 3683385.5932064564, "dist_min_ld": 9.582168556728554, "is_inside_moon": false, "is_min_inside_geo": false, "formatted_km": "8,980,000", "formatted_ld": "23.4" }, "dist_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "ratio": 23.365905381685987, "text": "about 23 times the distance to the Moon", "smaller_item": { "id": "moon-distance", "label": "distance to the Moon", "plural": "Moon distances", "value": 384400, "unit": "km", "rank": 1, "svgId": "orbit-moon", "citation": "NASA JPL standard lunar distance definition (1 LD = 384,400 km)." }, "smaller_ratio": 23.365905381685987, "larger_item": { "id": "mars-closest", "label": "Mars closest approach", "plural": "Mars closest approaches", "value": 54600000, "unit": "km", "rank": 7, "svgId": "orbit-mars", "citation": "NASA Solar System Exploration closest recorded theoretical approach of Mars to Earth." }, "larger_ratio": 0.16450282103882957 }, "size_info": { "is_estimated": true, "label": "estimated from brightness", "diameter_m": 89.21974201263028, "formatted_m": "89.2 m", "formatted_range_m": "66.8 to 149 m" }, "size_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "label": "Statue of Liberty", "plural": "Statues of Liberty", "value": 93, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-statue-liberty", "citation": "US National Park Service Statue of Liberty ground-to-torch tip height (305 feet / 93 m)." }, "ratio": 0.9593520646519385, "text": "about the size of a Statue of Liberty", "smaller_item": { "id": "boeing-747", "label": "Boeing 747", "plural": "Boeing 747s", "value": 70.6, "unit": "m", "rank": 7, "svgId": "silhouette-airplane", "citation": "Boeing Commercial Airplanes 747-400 Technical Specifications document." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.2637357225585026, "larger_item": { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "label": "Statue of Liberty", "plural": "Statues of Liberty", "value": 93, "unit": "m", "rank": 4, "svgId": "silhouette-statue-liberty", "citation": "US National Park Service Statue of Liberty ground-to-torch tip height (305 feet / 93 m)." }, "larger_ratio": 0.9593520646519385 }, "speed_comparison": { "best_item": { "id": "iss-speed", "label": "ISS orbital velocity", "plural": "ISS orbital speeds", "value": 7.66, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 1, "svgId": "speed-iss", "citation": "NASA International Space Station average orbital speed in low Earth orbit." }, "ratio": 2.5892069645134854, "text": "about 2.5 ISS orbital speeds", "smaller_item": { "id": "earth-escape", "label": "Earth escape velocity", "plural": "Earth escape speeds", "value": 11.2, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 5, "svgId": "speed-escape", "citation": "Planetary escape velocity from Earth surface." }, "smaller_ratio": 1.7708326203726161, "larger_item": { "id": "earth-orbit-speed", "label": "Earth orbital speed", "plural": "Earth orbital speeds", "value": 29.8, "unit": "km/s", "rank": 6, "svgId": "speed-earth-orbit", "citation": "NASA JPL mean orbital speed of Earth around the Sun." }, "larger_ratio": 0.665547830475614 }, "size_class": { "id": "50-to-140m", "minMeters": 50, "maxMeters": 140, "label": "50 to 140 meters", "hazardLevel": "Regional catastrophe", "consequence": "Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves.", "citation": "ESA Planetary Defence Office Risk Evaluation Standards." }, "key_facts": [ "On 2026-Nov-20 00:03, asteroid (2019 VF1) passed Earth at a nominal distance of 8,980,000 km (23.4 lunar distances).", "At closest approach, the object was traveling at 19.8 km/s relative to Earth.", "The object has an estimated size of 89.2 m, which is about the size of a Statue of Liberty.", "The miss distance was about 23 times the distance to the Moon.", "Hazard classification: 50 to 140 meters. Reaches Earth surface to carve a crater over a kilometer wide (like Meteor Crater, Arizona), destroying infrastructure across an entire metropolitan region and generating damaging regional seismic waves." ] } ]